Project of TPU and Tomsk Regional Museum of Local Lore for International Students becomes winner of all-Russian competition

The Mikhail Prokhorov Foundation (also known as the Charitable Foundation for Cultural Initiatives) has summed up the New Role of Libraries in Education competition. A Tomsk project for international students entitled Tomsk: View from Other Side of Earth received the support of the Foundation. The project will be implemented in partnership with Tomsk Polytechnic University and the Tomsk Regional Museum of Local Lore.

Experts of three TPU divisions: the Museum Complex, the Science and Technical Library, and the International Students Office are working on this project. The project starts from September 2021, a beginning of a new study year.

“At TPU, there will be formed groups of international students for which we jointly with colleagues are developing a program of social and cultural, adaptation events based on our Museums, Library and the Tomsk Regional Museum of Local Lore. We are planning to involve the urban museum community in the process of cultural adaptation and integration on the regular basis. In order international students will be able to become familiar with the city and region where they are going to study for a few years,” Lidiia Lozovaya, Director of the TPU Museum Complex, says.

The event program includes excursions, discussion sessions and exhibitions. The organizers hope that the project will help international students to faster become accustomed to a new city and become involved in the cultural life of the university and Tomsk.

Winners of Urban Greenhouse Challenge at TPU designed starfish-shaped city farm

The Green Spot team (Voronezh State University of Forestry named after G.F. Morozov), winners of the Finale of the international competition Urban Greenhouse Challenge: Reforest at TPU, chose an interesting bionic prototype for their concept of an autonomous greenhouse for growing coniferous and deciduous seedlings on multi-tiered shelving units – a sea star.

The team presented a full-fledged concept of SMART Forestry, including three conceptual groups at once: small Growboxes for home use, urban integrated farms and modular greenhouse complexes.

“Why was the starfish shape chosen for the design? Because it is a centrosymmetric organism capable of self-cloning. Each of its rays contains duplicated major organs, can provide independent life support and even grow the entire organism anew. This is very relevant to our concept,” says team leader Maxim Sysoyev.

The winners of the Urban Greenhouse Challenge thought through other details as well. For example, they chose monolithic polycarbonate as the translucent material, which has low thermal conductivity, high strength and light transmission capacity, and steel section, which is durable, cheap and easy to process, can be used as the material for the frame. The architectural lighting was designed using the integrated lighting of the complex facade with linear LED lights.

“For the robotization of the complex we chose the following areas: spraying, monitoring and moving loads. For this purpose, we developed a robotic modular platform with two telescopic manipulators. Its orientation is carried out with the help of floor markings and a set of sensors in the base of the platform. By installing shelves and special grippers on it, it can load and unload trays with smart tags and move them in user-independent or semi-automatic mode. To monitor the condition of crops, the platform is equipped with regular and multispectral cameras. For plant treatment, spraying equipment is installed,” participants say.

They also did use recycling technologies in production. The students suggested using multiple-use trays, smart trays made of recycled ABS plastic, LDS and sodium lamps. Various plant residues, the Green Spot participants said, could be recycled by pyrolysis. The resulting biocoal can be used for soil substrates, and the ash from the pellet boiler can be used as fertilizer for crops.

“One of the areas we have looked at from a different angle is reducing the carbon footprint. Our university and Engineering Center have been already taking steps in this direction by measuring carbon pickup and emission, including total carbon balance, with ground-based sensors, analyzers, and advanced drone technologies. A calibration site for scientific research was set up in the Engineering Center. Our team estimated the annual emissions of the greenhouse complex. After about eight years, our greenhouse complex will achieve breakeven point in CO2 emissions. It was the amount of CO2 emitted by the greenhouse complex that also determined the type of fuel used,” the students explain.

The Green Spot team is confident that their project and the SMART Forestry concept will be further developed and possibly implemented in the future.

Over 4,000 attendees complete new TPU MOOC on Petroleum Engineering on Coursera

Tomsk Polytechnic University launched a massive open online course (MOOC) entitled Introduction to Petroleum Engineering on Coursera, an American massive open online course provider. Over 4,200 attendees from all over the world have already passed the course.

Introduction to Petroleum Engineering was launched in January 2021. The course materials are provided in English, open and free for studying. Since the moment of its launch, over 4,200 students from India, the USA, Nigeria, Iraq and other countries have submitted their applications for the course. Monthly about 700 people sign up for the course. Most of the attendees are Indian residents: 30 percent of the overall students are Indian citizens.

“Coursera allows not only obtaining expertise but also gives opportunities to be involved in the communication with the community and course instructors, with each other. It helps to establish professional communication and share experience in the extractive industry,”  Yuliya Barabanova, Leading Manager of the TPU Office of Digital Education Resources, assures.

Introduction to Petroleum Engineering is aimed at attendees interested in the extraction of petroleum and gas. Taking the course, students will be able to form an idea on the overall process of development and exploitation of fields from the theory fundamentals to the demonstration of design of operating facilities of the petroleum industry.

Passing the course is flexible: Coursera fixes approximate dates of assignments, which every attendee can change.

“The TPU experts developed a course in a way that attendees could receive qualitative and engrossing material, tasks would be diverse and course support by the management team would be on time. This method bore its fruits: 79 percent of whose left feedback was the highest mark. They characterized the course as well-balanced, engrossing and educational,” Yuliya adds.

TPU physicists install new diamond sensors for CMS experiment on Large Hadron Collider

A background radiation monitoring system and parameters of colliding beams have been changed at the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS), one of the large general-purpose particle detectors of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The beam condition monitor leakage (BCML) system is one of the most essential parts of the system required for the protection of the CMS separate units and unit electronics from crucial radiation damages.

For the BCML system, scientists of Tomsk Polytechnic University installed eight new diamond sensors, which are the main part of it. It is planned that the new sensors will operate from three to five years, until the next detector renewal. Seamless operation of the BCML system will allow scientists to obtain new data on the structure of matter at the elementary level.

Nowadays, the LHC is the world’s largest and most powerful charged particle accelerator. Hadron beams are a class of particles, including protons, which accelerate and collide.  Here at the LHC, scientists from all over the world research what happens as a result of such collisions.

There are large detectors set around the beam collision points. CMS is one of the four main detectors. CMS is 16 m in diameter, 25 m long. It is a large general-purpose particle physics detector and designed for both research and verification of predictions of the Standard Model of Elementary Particles, including the properties of the Higgs boson, and search for physics beyond the Standard Model, additional measurements and dark matter.

The scientists and engineers of the TPU Research School of High-Energy Physics jointly with colleagues from the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), the German Electron Synchrotron (DESY), Princeton University (the USA), the University of Canterbury (New Zealand) and other organizations take part in the CMS Beam Radiation Instrumentation and Luminosity (BRIL) project. The TPU scientists are in charge of the development, renewal and maintenance of the system for slow monitoring of proton collision and heavy nuclei and emergency beam loss.

This BCML system allows scientists to change the background radiation from proton collision, to analyze the changes of the background radiation during both short times relevant to the random deviations of individual particles and to record long-term changes. These changes can be related to the deviations in the beam motion or for instance, vacuum loss in the beam transport channel.

In case of critical deviations, a beam has to be stopped, i.e. forcibly lost.  Otherwise, long-term exposure to a beam moving with colossal energy can lead to irreversible damages of the complicated and expensive systems of the detector and collider. Every emergency or false beam loss is a true incident that has to be investigated.

The BCML system that the TPU scientists work with is complicated and multicomponent. The most important part of this system is the set of diamond sensors located in the heart of the detector next to the proton collision point. Diamond is the most radiation-resistant material, however, even this material gradually loses its properties due to the ultra-high radiation doses and it has to be changed.

The diamond sensors are plates of synthetic diamonds of the highest quality with metal contacts from chromium and gold deposited on them. Plate crystals are soldered to special boards, which are deposited by gold as well. During the operation of the sensor, over 500 V voltage is applied to it. When a particle flies through the sensor, it obtains an electric current, which can be measured. If current strength surpasses the set threshold during a certain interval, then the system signals about the beam loss.

“The sensors in the system for slow monitoring were changed the last time in 2015. We have just changed eight sensors, which will serve for about the next five years. Preparation for the installation, including overall inspection of the system and calibration of the new sensors, required several months of intense work on site. The installation of the system in the shaft continued for two days and nights.Due to these new sensors, our colleagues from the other CMS research groups will be able to collect new amounts of data for the next period of collider’s operation,” Alexey Shevelev, Research Fellow of the TPU Research School of High-Energy Physics, says.

According to the expert, there is a search for new materials, which will be able to reduce the cost of the sensors and extend their operational life among the tasks of the research team.

“Actually, CERN is preparing to the transition of the LHC project to the High-Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) project. To implement it, all the systems of the accelerator are reordered. According to the calculations, the number of collisions will increase in dozen times, radiation fields will increase and consequently, the diamond sensors will lose their properties faster and they will have to be changed more often. Therefore, we are actively searching for ways how to reduce the cost of system maintenance and what diamonds can be changed for. In the autumn, in the experimental part of our detector, we are planning to install the samples of Russian manufactured diamonds, which are several times cheaper than the ones which are currently used, and also to install several times cheaper sapphire crystals. We are going to research their radiation resistance and degradation rate,” Vitaly Okhotnikov, Junior Research Fellow of the TPU Research School of High-Energy Physics, adds.

TPU to train managers of Uranium mining industry of Kazakhstan

Tomsk Polytechnic University has concluded a unique contract to implement a retraining program entitled Master of Business Administration with the speciality in Management in Uranium Mining. Senior managers of Kazakhstan enterprises of the uranium mining industry, they are 47 enterprises, will be able to join the retraining program.

Annually, there will be enrolled one group of students. Retraining will last for two years. A curriculum of the program consists of eight modules aimed at the development of professional expertise of senior managers of enterprises of the uranium mining industry in the conditions of an invariant market environment.

“The unique feature of the retraining program lies in the involvement of the MBA Programs Office of the TPU Center for Сontinuing Education, the academic staff of the TPU School of Nuclear Science and Engineering, and the Division for Geology of the TPU School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,” Galina Alekhina, Director of the MBA Programs Office of TPU, says.

“To implement the retraining program, leading educators of TPU, as well as experts of Tomsk and Moscow universities were involved in the number of subjects.”

The students will study enterprise and team management, including economics, management, project and staff management, internal communications, lean manufacturing and the theory of inventive problem-solving. The module of special subjects related to the specific characters of work of a uranium mining enterprise is planned as well.

The students jointly with the experts will analyze cases on uranium extraction technology and nuclear fuel, radiochemistry, methods of analytical control of uranium mining production, logistics of the uranium mining industry and study many other aspects.

The program will be implemented in a hybrid mode. Most of the classes will be held in Kazakhstan. One of the modules, a production one, will be given in Tomsk, at TPU.

TPU scientists find method to save over 50 Percent of fuel at refineries

Scientists of Tomsk Polytechnic University have developed a method to reduce refinery energy consumption. Using this method, the scientists were able to save more than half of the fuel at the researched manufacturing site.

The university experts believe that these results can be achieved at almost any industrial manufacturing facility. The research findings are published in the Energy Conversion and Management academic journal (IF: 9,709; Q1). Journalists of the Sputnik international news agency told more about the conducted research.

The scientists used hydrocracking, the processing of high-boiling oil fractions to generate fuel at the refinery. They proposed to reduce the spending of energy resources using the optimization of a structure of technological and heat fluxes. The specific sequence of heat exchangers led to increased energy efficiency. As a result, the consumption of fuel gas and heavy fuel oil was reduced by 54 percent, while the consumption of electrical energy was reduced by 20 percent at the refinery.

“For instance, there are three heat fluxes. The first flux is heated by steam, the second one is cooled by water and the third is heated in the oven. To save energy resources, we can heat the first and third fluxes by the second one. There are dozens of such fluxes at any operating refinery,” Stanislav Boldyrev, Research Fellow of the TPU Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences, said.

According to the researcher, the proposed method can be used both for the renewal of operating enterprises of the secondary sector of the economy and for designing new more energy-efficient manufacturing facilities with a minimal impact on the environment. Such renewal will allow refineries to reduce costs for manufacturing final products and to reduce the environmental impact.

Fuel-saving at the refinery where the experiment was conducted led to the reducing carbon dioxide emissions by 19 t per year. It is linked with the overall reduction of burning fuel.

“This technology can already be used for improving processes in chemical and gas processing industries, food handling. The technology can be used everywhere where raw materials are used and it deals with heating, cooling and chemical transformations,” Stanislav Boldyrev notes.

To create an optimal flux structure, the researchers used pinch technology, integration principles of seamless process flows, graph theory and fundamentals of heat and mass transfer.

Fuel saving at the refinery where the experiment was conducted led to the reducing carbon dioxide emissions by 19 t per year. It is linked with the overall reduction of burning fuel.

“Pinch technology lies in minimizing gross energy in any system where there are fluxes which must be heated and cooled. Using these fluxes, it is possible to recuperate thermal energy, i.e. to use this energy one more time. In its turn, graph theory allowed optimizing the structure and forming a mathematical task,” the scientist added

“The graph theory helped to reduce the number of required heat exchangers, i.e. to select a structure of a heat exchanger network, in which there will be two heat exchangers instead of ten additional ones. Thus, it is possible to reduce capital expenses for manufacturing renewal.”

TPU educators to complete professional development programmes and obtain international certificate

Experts of Tomsk Polytechnic University have presented to the participants of the ENTER project co-funded by the Erasmus + Programme of the European Union trial’s results of a new iPET-1 professional development programme for engineering educators. The meeting was held at Vyatka State University located in Kirov.

The system for pedagogical training is the main objective of the ENTER project aiming at forming the next generation of educators in engineering, technology and technical sciences using modular classes.

The project proposes a hierarchy of three structured educational programmes meeting the requirements of the European Qualifications Framework for Lifelong Learning: iPET-1 Short-Focused (e.g. 2 ECTS), “Qualification Development” Certificate; iPET-2 Professional Retraining (e.g. 8 ECTS), Diploma “Higher Education Teacher” and iPET-3 International Recognized (e.g. 20 ECTS), a full programme leading to international accreditation as “Engineering Educator”.

“In the project, TPU is in charge of a work package for designing professional development programmes. Within the ENTER Consortium jointly with colleagues, we were able to design multi-level modular programmes mastering which attendees will receive an international Professional Retraining Certificate and further will be able to submit an application for a European Professional Certification,” Olga Ponomareva, Associate Professor of the TPU Research Center for Management and Technologies in Higher Education, explains.

The TPU experts presented the trial’s results of the iPET-1 programme at the university. This programme is aimed at developing pedagogical competences and skills of innovations in engineering pedagogy, time management and effective communication. In total, 19 educators of TPU took part in the trial. Moreover, the TPU educators presented a summary analysis of the trial’s results of the iPET programmes at all partner universities of the Consortium.

“The participants of the ENTER project highly accessed the implementation level of iPET-1 at TPU and became interested in a class procedure on time management that is held by Alyona Khaperskaya,” Olga Ponomareva adds.

Within the meeting in Kirov, there was concluded a framework agreement on creating the ENTER network. This agreement will allow expanding the activity on implementation of the pedagogical training and creating the accreditation system of professional development and certification programmes for engineering educators in the ENTER catalogue.

Since autumn 2021, TPU is intending to launch the iPET-1, iPET-2, iPET-3 professional development and retraining programmes. University educators can complete training for these programmes for free.  Then, in spring 2022, there will be held an international accreditation of the iPET programmes at TPU. The attendees who successfully complete the training will obtain an international certificate as an engineering educators.

TPU scientists find method to double the rate of fracture healing

Scientists of Tomsk Polytechnic University were able to find a method to double the recovery rate of damaged bones. The scientists proposed to use implants produced using a 3D printer.

The technology of applying bioactive coatings on the implant surface proposed by the TPU scientists also distinguishes by significant saving of time and resources. The research findings are published in the Modern Technologies in Medicine academic journal.

According to scientists, nowadays, rehabilitation medicine is mainly successful due to the development of composite biomaterials imitating living tissues. They consist of elements of various chemical and mechanical properties. It allows imitating functions of damaged tissues in an organism more accurately.

The most efficient technology of implant production is 3D printing that allows receiving individual implants for every patient taking into account his anatomy. The technology of applying bioactive coatings on such implants has just begun to develop.

The TPU scientists were able to determine optimal structural parameters of titanium implants produced by 3D printing. They also proposed technology of their improvement using a bioactive calcium phosphate coating providing accelerated recovery of damaged bones.

“Our coating has already been used in the worldwide known Russian Ilizarov Scientific Center for Restorative Traumatology and Orthopaedics. Calcium phosphate coated implants were inserted into more than 400 patients from 6 to 50 years from Russia, France and other countries. These implants are successfully used in veterinary practice as well,” Sergey Tverdokhlebov, Associate Professor of the TPU Weinberg Research Center, told to the journalists of the Sputnik international news agency.

“According to the results of the joint research with the Center experts, no one implant failure has been observed, while the recovery rate of the structure of bones and muscles doubled due to the coating.”

The development feature of the TPU scientists lies in combining several methods of material modification. It allows embodying implants not only in a shape but also in biological properties what is required to treat complicated pathologies and traumas.

“In this research work, we combined a number of methods: plasma electrolytic oxidation allowed forming the porous calcium phosphate coating on the titanium surface. Then, the coating was saturated with biodegradable material that serves as a container for medicine and drugs improving implant survival. Ultimately, plasma processing using sputter deposition gave optimal properties to the material for the growth of living cells on it,” Sergey Tverdokhlebov explained.

To optimize the properties of the implant and to reduce the number of expensive experiments, the TPU scientists used computer simulations of the release process of medicine put on the implant.  According to the researchers, it will hasten the entry of new types of implants into the market.

The research work is being conducted within the Federal Target Program jointly with OSTOMED-M, an industrial company partner.

The research team is intending to develop a bioactive coating technology for titanium and polymer implants for the treatment of osteoporosis and other complicated pathologies of bone tissue.

Scientists propose new optical switch for high-speed computers

Scientists of Tomsk Polytechnic University jointly with their colleagues from Great Britain have proposed a physical concept of a new optical switch that forces to change light wave guidance.  The switch is a small glass particle of an unusual form.

Its size is only about 1 µ. The research findings are published in the Annalen der Physik academic journal (IF: 2,276; Q1). According to the authors, such a simple switch can be used in high-speed optical computers in the long run.

Information is transferred by electrons in all currently existent calculating machines, including computers. Scientists believe if electrons inside the computers are replaced with photons, i.e. light quantum, then the data can be transferred literally at lightspeed. Researchers and companies of different countries are working on creating an efficient optical quantum computer.

Prototypes of such computers have already been presented in the USA and China, however, these computers are capable to solve a very limited range of tasks. To widely apply optical computers, researchers still have to overcome a lot of obstacles.

“In such machines, it is essential to switch a signal at very high speed, i.e. to change the light guidance. Therefore, efficient switches are required. Researchers solve this task in different ways. Some researchers propose mechanical switches, however, these switches do not provide the required switching speed. While the others use specific crystals based on the nonlinear effects, which require developing new special materials and methods of controlling them,” Oleg Minin, Professor of the Division for Electronic Engineering of the TPU School of Non-Destructive Testing, a supervisor of the project, says.

“We proposed another principle in our article: particles of special forms from dielectric material can change the light guidance efficiently. In this case, we considered glass. Moreover, the proposed method does not require the application of metals.” Oleg Minin continues.

The proposed switch is a small cube-shaped glass particle with a prism attached to it. Its operation is based on the effect of the photonic hook that was previously discovered by the research authors.

“It is a matter of a particle shape. Previously, we discovered that the light percolating a dielectric particle of this shape twists as a hook at the output. Due to its physical properties, the photonic hook possesses a very wide range of potential applications. In this case, the calculations show if we change the light wavelength percolating the particle, then it is possible to change hook guidance.  That is the core of switching the signal, in changing the guidance,” Oleg Minin notes.

The researchers are currently preparing to conduct a series of experiments, which will prove the results of the simulation and calculations. The experiments will be conducted at Bangor University (Great Britain).

The research was conducted with the partial support of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research and the TPU Competitiveness Enhancement Program.

TPU scientists research danger of fire break-out around Lake Baikal

Scientists of Tomsk Polytechnic University have developed a methodology for forecasting forest fires on the example of the surroundings of Lake Baikal. The methodology is based on an atmospheric soil measuring complex (ASMC).

The research was supported by the grant of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research No. 17-29-05093. The research findings are published in the International Journal on Engineering Applications.

Since 2018, the project has been implemented under the supervision of Nikolay Baranovsky, Associate Professor of the TPU Butakov Research Center. The project aimed at developing techniques for monitoring of inflammability of forests in the conditions of human impact on the area of Lake Baikal basin.

“Lake Baikal is the largest natural reservoir of fresh water and characterized by unique flora and fauna. The lake life cycle is mainly dependent on the processes occurring in the coastal area: natural and human, including forest fires. It can influence the lake drainage and change the regime of its functioning. Therefore, assessment of forest fire break-out from human impact is crucial for understanding the processes influencing the activity of Lake Baikal,” Nikolay Baranovsky notes.

Scientists of Tomsk Polytechnic University, Gorno-Altaisk State University, Institute of Physical Materials Science of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of General and Experimental Biology of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences and Paris Diderot University (France) took part in the research work.

Using the ASMC, the researchers conducted monitoring of meteorological conditions and soil characteristics, i.e. they recorded the air humidity and temperature, speed and wind direction, the amount of rain precipitation and soil temperature.

The measurements were carried out in the surrounding of Khurumsha (a rural locality in the Republic of Buryatia). The data of some specific days of summer 2019 were used to conduct the research. Based on these data, the scientists offered to use a number of mathematical formulas to assess fire danger.

“The analysis of data has shown that there may be a situation in the forest area when a ground fire turns into a crown fire. Some special conditions are required for that.

First, the canopy of a forest stand must possess the sufficiently small value of the lower limit of the branch position. Second, the speed of the ground fire must be quite fast. It mainly depends on the wind speed inside the forest area.

In this case, the wind is a driver of turning the ground fire into the crown fire. Presumably, there will be various values of critical wind speed for miscellaneous types of forest areas. This problem requires additional study,” Nikolay Baranovky explains.

Despite the fact that the project possesses a fundamental character, the scientists claim the research findings can form the basis of applied developments. In particular, the scientists from the Institute of Physical Materials Science of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences under the supervision of Alexander Bazarov are planning to create a network of ASMCs in the Republic of Buryatia to monitor, assess and forecast forest fire danger.

The research work within the project of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research No. 20-31-51001 on analysis of the influence of human impact from main railway lines on forest fire danger is ongoing as well.

The scientists tell about the results of these projects in the series of podcasts on Yandex Music, a music streaming service.