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Winners of Urban Greenhouse Challenge at TPU designed starfish-shaped city farm

Posted on by Tomsk Polytechnic University

The Green Spot team (Voronezh State University of Forestry named after G.F. Morozov), winners of the Finale of the international competition Urban Greenhouse Challenge: Reforest at TPU, chose an interesting bionic prototype for their concept of an autonomous greenhouse for growing coniferous and deciduous seedlings on multi-tiered shelving units – a sea star.

The team presented a full-fledged concept of SMART Forestry, including three conceptual groups at once: small Growboxes for home use, urban integrated farms and modular greenhouse complexes.

“Why was the starfish shape chosen for the design? Because it is a centrosymmetric organism capable of self-cloning. Each of its rays contains duplicated major organs, can provide independent life support and even grow the entire organism anew. This is very relevant to our concept,” says team leader Maxim Sysoyev.

The winners of the Urban Greenhouse Challenge thought through other details as well. For example, they chose monolithic polycarbonate as the translucent material, which has low thermal conductivity, high strength and light transmission capacity, and steel section, which is durable, cheap and easy to process, can be used as the material for the frame. The architectural lighting was designed using the integrated lighting of the complex facade with linear LED lights.

“For the robotization of the complex we chose the following areas: spraying, monitoring and moving loads. For this purpose, we developed a robotic modular platform with two telescopic manipulators. Its orientation is carried out with the help of floor markings and a set of sensors in the base of the platform. By installing shelves and special grippers on it, it can load and unload trays with smart tags and move them in user-independent or semi-automatic mode. To monitor the condition of crops, the platform is equipped with regular and multispectral cameras. For plant treatment, spraying equipment is installed,” participants say.

They also did use recycling technologies in production. The students suggested using multiple-use trays, smart trays made of recycled ABS plastic, LDS and sodium lamps. Various plant residues, the Green Spot participants said, could be recycled by pyrolysis. The resulting biocoal can be used for soil substrates, and the ash from the pellet boiler can be used as fertilizer for crops.

“One of the areas we have looked at from a different angle is reducing the carbon footprint. Our university and Engineering Center have been already taking steps in this direction by measuring carbon pickup and emission, including total carbon balance, with ground-based sensors, analyzers, and advanced drone technologies. A calibration site for scientific research was set up in the Engineering Center. Our team estimated the annual emissions of the greenhouse complex. After about eight years, our greenhouse complex will achieve breakeven point in CO2 emissions. It was the amount of CO2 emitted by the greenhouse complex that also determined the type of fuel used,” the students explain.

The Green Spot team is confident that their project and the SMART Forestry concept will be further developed and possibly implemented in the future.

Over 4,000 attendees complete new TPU MOOC on Petroleum Engineering on Coursera

Posted on by Tomsk Polytechnic University

Tomsk Polytechnic University launched a massive open online course (MOOC) entitled Introduction to Petroleum Engineering on Coursera, an American massive open online course provider. Over 4,200 attendees from all over the world have already passed the course.

Introduction to Petroleum Engineering was launched in January 2021. The course materials are provided in English, open and free for studying. Since the moment of its launch, over 4,200 students from India, the USA, Nigeria, Iraq and other countries have submitted their applications for the course. Monthly about 700 people sign up for the course. Most of the attendees are Indian residents: 30 percent of the overall students are Indian citizens.

“Coursera allows not only obtaining expertise but also gives opportunities to be involved in the communication with the community and course instructors, with each other. It helps to establish professional communication and share experience in the extractive industry,”  Yuliya Barabanova, Leading Manager of the TPU Office of Digital Education Resources, assures.

Introduction to Petroleum Engineering is aimed at attendees interested in the extraction of petroleum and gas. Taking the course, students will be able to form an idea on the overall process of development and exploitation of fields from the theory fundamentals to the demonstration of design of operating facilities of the petroleum industry.

Passing the course is flexible: Coursera fixes approximate dates of assignments, which every attendee can change.

“The TPU experts developed a course in a way that attendees could receive qualitative and engrossing material, tasks would be diverse and course support by the management team would be on time. This method bore its fruits: 79 percent of whose left feedback was the highest mark. They characterized the course as well-balanced, engrossing and educational,” Yuliya adds.

COVID-19 vaccination before surgery could help avoid 58,000 deaths a year

Posted on by Alina Perevizintsova

Scientists from St Petersburg University have taken part in a large-scale project to study SARSCoV-2 in surgical patients. One of the findings of the study is that vaccinations will help prevent more than 58,000 coronavirus-related deaths a year. 15,025 researchers from 122 countries have taken part in the work to make a new world record for the number of authors of a scientific article.

The article is published in the British Journal of Surgery.

The researchers’ goal was to determine how COVID affects the results of surgical interventions and how to minimise the risk of infection during elective surgery. The first COVID-19 wave caused about 70% of the world’s operations (28 million) to be postponed or cancelled. It was found that COVID-19 before or after surgery increases the probability of postoperative mortality.

The international team of surgeons and scientists from CovidSurg analysed 140,000 patients’ data from 116 countries. Their aim was to develop clinical guidelines for the surgical treatment of patients with coronavirus and for reducing the risk of infection in the postoperative period.

The study participants were clinicians, residents and students of St Petersburg University. Six research groups worked in the clinical departments of cardiovascular surgery, urology, traumatology, gynaecology, endocrine surgery and general surgery at the Pirogov Clinic of High Medical Technologies at the University.

The goal was to collect clinical data – anamneses, medical histories, COVID status, operation characteristics – of all patients hospitalised for elective surgery within one week. After 30 days, the immediate results of treatment were assessed. The data were recorded in an online individual registration card available to the organisers of the study.

“We have learned more about how covid-19 affects prognosis and overall surgical outcomes. This will enable both our specialists and doctors around the world to better plan surgical interventions and increase the safety of treatment,” said Sergei Efremov, head of the research department, Anaesthesiologist-resuscitator at the Pirogov Clinic of High Medical Technologies, St Petersburg University

One of the main conclusions that scientists have come to is that patients preparing for surgery should be vaccinated as a priority. Among the most vulnerable patients are elderly people above 70 years old. They should be vaccinated first. According to the researchers, priority preoperative vaccination of routine surgical patients will help avoid more than 58,000 COVID-associated deaths a year.

TPU to train managers of Uranium mining industry of Kazakhstan

Posted on by Tomsk Polytechnic University

Tomsk Polytechnic University has concluded a unique contract to implement a retraining program entitled Master of Business Administration with the speciality in Management in Uranium Mining. Senior managers of Kazakhstan enterprises of the uranium mining industry, they are 47 enterprises, will be able to join the retraining program.

Annually, there will be enrolled one group of students. Retraining will last for two years. A curriculum of the program consists of eight modules aimed at the development of professional expertise of senior managers of enterprises of the uranium mining industry in the conditions of an invariant market environment.

“The unique feature of the retraining program lies in the involvement of the MBA Programs Office of the TPU Center for Сontinuing Education, the academic staff of the TPU School of Nuclear Science and Engineering, and the Division for Geology of the TPU School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,” Galina Alekhina, Director of the MBA Programs Office of TPU, says.

“To implement the retraining program, leading educators of TPU, as well as experts of Tomsk and Moscow universities were involved in the number of subjects.”

The students will study enterprise and team management, including economics, management, project and staff management, internal communications, lean manufacturing and the theory of inventive problem-solving. The module of special subjects related to the specific characters of work of a uranium mining enterprise is planned as well.

The students jointly with the experts will analyze cases on uranium extraction technology and nuclear fuel, radiochemistry, methods of analytical control of uranium mining production, logistics of the uranium mining industry and study many other aspects.

The program will be implemented in a hybrid mode. Most of the classes will be held in Kazakhstan. One of the modules, a production one, will be given in Tomsk, at TPU.

SPbPU and the IAEA: a new step in the development of cooperation

Posted on by 5100spbstu

Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University(SPbPU) and the International
Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) signed Practical Arrangements on Cooperation in the
Area of Educational Activities in the Area of Emergency Preparedness and
Response – International Master’s Degree Program “Emergency Preparedness
and Response”.

The signing ceremony took place during the 65th IAEA General Conference online. On behalf of SPbPU the ceremony was attended by Professor Dmitry Arseniev, Vice-Rector for International Affairs, Andrey Andreev, Director of the Higher School of Technospheric Safety, Anton Byzov, associate professor at the Higher School, and coordinator of the new Emergency Preparedness and Response program, as well as employees of the international office.

The IAEA was represented by Deputy Director General and Head of the Department of Nuclear Safety and Security, IAEA Ms. Lydie Evrard, Acting Head of the Incident and Emergency Centre, IAEA Mr. Florian Baciu, who also moderated the event, and the Center personnel.

On behalf of the IAEA, the following remarks were made by the Head of the Department of Nuclear Safety and Security, IAEA Ms. Lydie Evrard: “We are embarking on a new collaboration to provide a comprehensive Master’s Degree-level education in nuclear and radiological emergency preparedness and response,” said Ms. Lydie Evrard and highlighted that “such academic programs for the youth help prepare qualified, skilled, and knowledgeable members of the emergency preparedness and response community that are ready to face the realities of a multi-hazard environment”.

In his welcoming remarks from Polytechnic University, Vice-Rector for International Affairs Dmitry Arseniev emphasized that SPbPU has a rich experience in training highly qualified personnel for Russian and foreign companies together with leading organizations, in particular, the State Atomic Energy Corporation Rosatom.

“And today a new step in our cooperation is taking place – Polytechnic university and the International Atomic Energy Agency are signing an agreement on the implementation of educational activities in the field of emergency response – the international Master’s Degree Program ‘Emergency Preparedness and Response’. We look forward to developing our cooperation and believe that the success of this educational program will contribute to strengthening sustainability and safety in the global world,” said Dmitry Arseniev.

The production of a Master’s Degree Program in emergency preparedness and the response was initiated by the IAEA in 2019 with the involvement of experts of the International Network for Education and Training (iNET-EPR), established by the IAEA.

In 2020, Polytechnic University was chosen as the site for the development and implementation of the new program. In December 2020, the Rector of SPbPU Andrei Rudskoi, Academician RAS, signed a cooperation agreement between Polytechnic University, Rosatom Technical Academy, and Emergency Technical Center of ROSATOM.

The main goal of the new international program is to educate national and foreign specialists in the field of emergency preparedness and response to nuclear emergencies for countries developing nuclear power programs. The program is planned to contribute to the creation of a sustainable nuclear power system worldwide in the near future.

TPU scientists find method to save over 50 Percent of fuel at refineries

Posted on by Tomsk Polytechnic University

Scientists of Tomsk Polytechnic University have developed a method to reduce refinery energy consumption. Using this method, the scientists were able to save more than half of the fuel at the researched manufacturing site.

The university experts believe that these results can be achieved at almost any industrial manufacturing facility. The research findings are published in the Energy Conversion and Management academic journal (IF: 9,709; Q1). Journalists of the Sputnik international news agency told more about the conducted research.

The scientists used hydrocracking, the processing of high-boiling oil fractions to generate fuel at the refinery. They proposed to reduce the spending of energy resources using the optimization of a structure of technological and heat fluxes. The specific sequence of heat exchangers led to increased energy efficiency. As a result, the consumption of fuel gas and heavy fuel oil was reduced by 54 percent, while the consumption of electrical energy was reduced by 20 percent at the refinery.

“For instance, there are three heat fluxes. The first flux is heated by steam, the second one is cooled by water and the third is heated in the oven. To save energy resources, we can heat the first and third fluxes by the second one. There are dozens of such fluxes at any operating refinery,” Stanislav Boldyrev, Research Fellow of the TPU Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences, said.

According to the researcher, the proposed method can be used both for the renewal of operating enterprises of the secondary sector of the economy and for designing new more energy-efficient manufacturing facilities with a minimal impact on the environment. Such renewal will allow refineries to reduce costs for manufacturing final products and to reduce the environmental impact.

Fuel-saving at the refinery where the experiment was conducted led to the reducing carbon dioxide emissions by 19 t per year. It is linked with the overall reduction of burning fuel.

“This technology can already be used for improving processes in chemical and gas processing industries, food handling. The technology can be used everywhere where raw materials are used and it deals with heating, cooling and chemical transformations,” Stanislav Boldyrev notes.

To create an optimal flux structure, the researchers used pinch technology, integration principles of seamless process flows, graph theory and fundamentals of heat and mass transfer.

Fuel saving at the refinery where the experiment was conducted led to the reducing carbon dioxide emissions by 19 t per year. It is linked with the overall reduction of burning fuel.

“Pinch technology lies in minimizing gross energy in any system where there are fluxes which must be heated and cooled. Using these fluxes, it is possible to recuperate thermal energy, i.e. to use this energy one more time. In its turn, graph theory allowed optimizing the structure and forming a mathematical task,” the scientist added

“The graph theory helped to reduce the number of required heat exchangers, i.e. to select a structure of a heat exchanger network, in which there will be two heat exchangers instead of ten additional ones. Thus, it is possible to reduce capital expenses for manufacturing renewal.”

New fluorescent nanoparticles to contribute to medical diagnostic testing with contrast

Posted on by Alina Perevizintsova

Scientists at St Petersburg University, LAT University (Finland) and Sirius University have synthesised new fluorescent nanoparticles based on the fluorides of rare earth elements – yttrium and europium with the addition of gadolinium ions. Potentially, they can be used in laser microscopy and in diagnostics of various diseases with the use of contrast. The article describing the synthesised phosphor was published in The New Journal of Chemistry published by the Royal Society of Chemistry. The research results appeared on the journal cover.

Phosphors are substances that can radiate light when exposed to UV rays, electromagnetic field or different disturbing action. Today, these materials are used in lamps and LEDs (for example, in electric appliances of everyday use), evacuation and fire alarm systems. They are also used to produce paints and pigments, secure value documents, and conduct medical research. Thus, the synthesised substance will allow for magnetic resonance tomography and fluorescence microscopy to be performed simultaneously, which will speed up the diagnostics.

Recently, among various fluorescent materials, researchers have paid particular attention to nanocrystalline non-organic phosphors based on the composites of rare earth elements. For this purpose, the NaYF4 composites are mostly used, since the material itself only slightly reduces the luminescence of the dopded ions.

St Petersburg University scientists replaced the ions of yttrium (Y) with the ions of europium (Eu) and gadolinium (Gd) and studied the way it affects the size of nanoparticles as well as the substance emission properties. Based on the experimental results, the optimum europium doping concentration in the composite is 30%, since exactly this amount of substance provides for the maximal emission intensity. However, luminescence intensity can still be increased. To do so, additionally a small number of yttrium ions should be replaced by gadolinium, while keeping the concentration of europium unchanged. Despite the fact that gadolinium ions show almost no luminescence, they significantly increase the brightness of the substance luminosity.

To achieve this result, scientists synthesise the particles with the ions of yttrium, europium and gadolinium in an autoclave – a chemical reactor that elevates the temperature of substances under pressure above atmospheric. Chemists gradually add citric acid, sodium hydroxide and a mixture of ammonium fluoride and sodium hydroxide to water solutions of yttrium, europium and gadolinium chlorides. Then, the resulted solution is held in an autoclave for 24 hours at a temperature of 180°C. This method allows getting the final substance with improved luminescence properties.

‘We have found out that by adding only 1% of gadolinium, we can enhance the luminescence intensity by 2.5 times.  A decrease in symmetry leads to an increase in luminescence properties of lanthanides that include the three utilised rare earth elements. Probably, the replacement of yttrium ions with larger gadolinium ions causes structural defects that reduce the symmetry and, consequently, enhance luminescence making the substance emission brighter,’ says Andrey Mereshchenko, a co-author of the research, Associate Professor in the Department of Laser Chemistry at St Petersburg University.

During the research, the University chemists also found out that the replacement of yttrium ions by gadolinium and europium ions causes the size reduction of synthesised particles. This simplifies further use of the substance for medical purposes. The images below demonstrate the dependence of the size on the content of europium. These images were obtained by an electronic microscope at Interdisciplinary Resource Centre for Nanotechnology at the St Petersburg University Research Park.

‘We assume that a decrease in the size of particles is related to the crystal-growth rate. Gadolinium and europium ions have a larger radius than yttrium ions. Thus, the surface positive charge density of the particles containing europium and gadolinium is lower.   For this reason, the charged fluoride ions are less attracted to such particles, and they grow slower,’ clarified Andrey Mereshchenko.

In photobiology and biomedicine, bioparticles based on NaYF4 in combination with other rare earth ions are widely used due to low toxicity of the material and ability to penetrate into the tissues because of its small size (unites and tens of nanometres). Thus, gadolinium with its magnetic properties is currently used to design contrast agents for magnetic resonance therapy. Fluorescent nanoparticles with europium ions are used as markers of different diseases to examine biological tissues with the help of fluorescence microscopy. A new phosphor designed by the University scientists enables specialists to perform two types of diagnostics simultaneously – with the help of light and magnetic field, which significantly increases the efficiency of the search.

‘We have to modify our particles by making them more sensitive to certain viruses and cells. Then, we can perform diagnostics, for example, by looking for cancer cells in the human body. We can take samples of cells or tissues and examine them by means of fluorescent microscope. Europium will light up those areas where the particles ‘preconfigured’ to look for cancerous tumour have arrived. The use of magnetic resonance therapy in a living organism will allow to detect a tumour, since the nanoparticles with magnetic gadolinium ions will concentrate there.    Thus, by introducing one functional element we can perform two independent tests at the same time. This is the practical application of our substance,’ explains Andrey Mereshchenko.

In further research, ions in the composite can be partially replaced with radioactive ions and be used in the treatment of cancer. Apart from medicine, these materials can be applied in developing fluorescent paints to safeguard documents, money and securities, where especially bright luminescence is required.

TPU educators to complete professional development programmes and obtain international certificate

Posted on by Tomsk Polytechnic University

Experts of Tomsk Polytechnic University have presented to the participants of the ENTER project co-funded by the Erasmus + Programme of the European Union trial’s results of a new iPET-1 professional development programme for engineering educators. The meeting was held at Vyatka State University located in Kirov.

The system for pedagogical training is the main objective of the ENTER project aiming at forming the next generation of educators in engineering, technology and technical sciences using modular classes.

The project proposes a hierarchy of three structured educational programmes meeting the requirements of the European Qualifications Framework for Lifelong Learning: iPET-1 Short-Focused (e.g. 2 ECTS), “Qualification Development” Certificate; iPET-2 Professional Retraining (e.g. 8 ECTS), Diploma “Higher Education Teacher” and iPET-3 International Recognized (e.g. 20 ECTS), a full programme leading to international accreditation as “Engineering Educator”.

“In the project, TPU is in charge of a work package for designing professional development programmes. Within the ENTER Consortium jointly with colleagues, we were able to design multi-level modular programmes mastering which attendees will receive an international Professional Retraining Certificate and further will be able to submit an application for a European Professional Certification,” Olga Ponomareva, Associate Professor of the TPU Research Center for Management and Technologies in Higher Education, explains.

The TPU experts presented the trial’s results of the iPET-1 programme at the university. This programme is aimed at developing pedagogical competences and skills of innovations in engineering pedagogy, time management and effective communication. In total, 19 educators of TPU took part in the trial. Moreover, the TPU educators presented a summary analysis of the trial’s results of the iPET programmes at all partner universities of the Consortium.

“The participants of the ENTER project highly accessed the implementation level of iPET-1 at TPU and became interested in a class procedure on time management that is held by Alyona Khaperskaya,” Olga Ponomareva adds.

Within the meeting in Kirov, there was concluded a framework agreement on creating the ENTER network. This agreement will allow expanding the activity on implementation of the pedagogical training and creating the accreditation system of professional development and certification programmes for engineering educators in the ENTER catalogue.

Since autumn 2021, TPU is intending to launch the iPET-1, iPET-2, iPET-3 professional development and retraining programmes. University educators can complete training for these programmes for free.  Then, in spring 2022, there will be held an international accreditation of the iPET programmes at TPU. The attendees who successfully complete the training will obtain an international certificate as an engineering educators.

St Petersburg University students become first recipients of an award for young mathematicians in Russia

Posted on by Alina Perevizintsova

Students from St Petersburg University have won the award for young mathematicians and have taken the entire podium in the Student category. The award ceremony took place at the Conference of World-class International Mathematical Centres held at the Sirius University of Science and Technology.

The winners in the student category were three master’s students from St Petersburg University- Yaroslav Alekseev, author of ‘A Lower Bound for Polynomial Calculus with Extension Rule’; Ivan Bochkov (‘On zeros and poles of Helson zeta functions’); and Aleksei Kulikov (‘Fourier interpolation and time-frequency localisation’). Aleksei Kulikov was awarded the Medal of the Russian Academy of Sciences in Mathematics this year for his research in harmonic analysis.

The prize for young mathematicians was established by the Sirius Educational Centre and is awarded for a cycle of scientific work in mathematics in three categories: Young Scientists (up to and including 35 years old), Postgraduate Students and Students.

A total of 58 young mathematicians from all over Russia – 19 students, 17 postgraduates and 22 scientists – were nominated for it.

Also, among the finalists were: Danila Cherkashin, a research associate at the Chebyshev Laboratory at St Petersburg University; and Viacheslav Borovitskiy, a postgraduate student at St Petersburg University.

Candidates for the prize were nominated by members of the mathematical community. these candidates provided short descriptions of their work and were backed by recommendations by well-known scientists.  Then an international jury headed by Fields medallist Andrei Okounkov selected the country’s strongest mathematicians.

The International Congress of Mathematicians is the most important meeting in basic and applied mathematics and one of the oldest scientific congresses. The aim of the congress is to present as wide a spectrum of advanced mathematics as possible, including all scientific fields and mathematical schools from different geographical regions, and thus determine the future direction of the development of mathematics. The guest speakers are mathematicians of the highest calibre, capable of presenting current research trends to a wide audience.

“The fact that all three students of the University have become laureates of the new prize for young mathematicians is a quite natural result’, said Yurii Belov, Professor at St Petersburg University.

“These are graduates of the bachelor’s programme in Mathematics, established in 2015. Talented applicants have come to us and continued their studies in the master’s programme ‘Advanced Mathematics’. After six years we can see that their training has been successful. I should point out that St Petersburg University has always had a strong mathematical scientific school.”

All finalists were invited to give a presentation at the Conference of World-class International Mathematical Centres and also received a grant to attend the International Congress of Mathematicians to be held in St Petersburg in 2022.

TPU scientists find method to double the rate of fracture healing

Posted on by Tomsk Polytechnic University

Scientists of Tomsk Polytechnic University were able to find a method to double the recovery rate of damaged bones. The scientists proposed to use implants produced using a 3D printer.

The technology of applying bioactive coatings on the implant surface proposed by the TPU scientists also distinguishes by significant saving of time and resources. The research findings are published in the Modern Technologies in Medicine academic journal.

According to scientists, nowadays, rehabilitation medicine is mainly successful due to the development of composite biomaterials imitating living tissues. They consist of elements of various chemical and mechanical properties. It allows imitating functions of damaged tissues in an organism more accurately.

The most efficient technology of implant production is 3D printing that allows receiving individual implants for every patient taking into account his anatomy. The technology of applying bioactive coatings on such implants has just begun to develop.

The TPU scientists were able to determine optimal structural parameters of titanium implants produced by 3D printing. They also proposed technology of their improvement using a bioactive calcium phosphate coating providing accelerated recovery of damaged bones.

“Our coating has already been used in the worldwide known Russian Ilizarov Scientific Center for Restorative Traumatology and Orthopaedics. Calcium phosphate coated implants were inserted into more than 400 patients from 6 to 50 years from Russia, France and other countries. These implants are successfully used in veterinary practice as well,” Sergey Tverdokhlebov, Associate Professor of the TPU Weinberg Research Center, told to the journalists of the Sputnik international news agency.

“According to the results of the joint research with the Center experts, no one implant failure has been observed, while the recovery rate of the structure of bones and muscles doubled due to the coating.”

The development feature of the TPU scientists lies in combining several methods of material modification. It allows embodying implants not only in a shape but also in biological properties what is required to treat complicated pathologies and traumas.

“In this research work, we combined a number of methods: plasma electrolytic oxidation allowed forming the porous calcium phosphate coating on the titanium surface. Then, the coating was saturated with biodegradable material that serves as a container for medicine and drugs improving implant survival. Ultimately, plasma processing using sputter deposition gave optimal properties to the material for the growth of living cells on it,” Sergey Tverdokhlebov explained.

To optimize the properties of the implant and to reduce the number of expensive experiments, the TPU scientists used computer simulations of the release process of medicine put on the implant.  According to the researchers, it will hasten the entry of new types of implants into the market.

The research work is being conducted within the Federal Target Program jointly with OSTOMED-M, an industrial company partner.

The research team is intending to develop a bioactive coating technology for titanium and polymer implants for the treatment of osteoporosis and other complicated pathologies of bone tissue.