Chula Faculty of Science researchers find young durian extracts to have as high anti-oxidants as Vitamin C

Chula Faculty of Science researchers find young durian extracts to have as high anti-oxidants as vitamin C and aim to produce skin care products that add value to agricultural waste.

The durian has been called the king of fruits, and Thailand’s vital cash crop for booming export. Farmers usually need to trim off around 200-300 young durians per tree to relieve the excessive weight of the fruits, and generate tremendous agricultural waste in the process. So, the research team, led by Associate Professor Dr. Supaart Sirikantaramas of the Department of Biochemistry, Chula Faculty of Science, studied the young durians’ biochemical composition and its potential use under the Bio-Circular-Green Economy (BCG) policy for Bio-economy.

The 6-12 centimeters long young durians (Durio zibethinus L.) produce a transparent slime when soaked in water. A metabolome analysis (all metabolites) found polyphenols which are very high in antioxidants, phenolics that can halt or delay the formation of oxidants, glycation to protect the skin from ultraviolet rays, and pectin which keeps the skin hydrated.

Putthamas Pewlong, a Master’s Degree student in Biochemistry at the Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, a team member, explained that extraction was done with biomarkers using no toxic solvents or heat. Divided skin cells were then cured in the extracts for 24 hours. Cells causing tension similarly found in dust or sunlight were then added. Results showed that the cells contain large numbers of live cells, similar to those treated with vitamin C. The extract was also found to induce an increase in cell divisions.

Skin toxicity was also tested, and found to be negative, rendering the extracts highly safe and can be used in cosmetics and skincare products.

The team then tried mixing the extract in powder form at 2-3% as prescribed by the FDA into sunscreen products on the market and found that the texture remained the same, and the pale-yellow tint of the extract is barely visible. The durian smell was also not detectable. It was also found that regardless of type, the young durians yielded similar levels of vital extracts.

Interested parties may contact Associate Professor Dr. Supaart Sirikantaramas at the Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University at Email: [email protected].

For more information, visit https://www.chula.ac.th/en/highlight/83867/

Chula launches microbes to clean marine oil spill bioproducts

Chula Faculty of Science has developed bioproducts to clean up marine oil spills from a research on oil-eating microbes while getting ready to expand to industrial-scale production for ecological sustainability.

Major marine oil spills that leave residual pollutants have detrimental effects on the economy, tourism, as well as the marine environment in the long run. One solution is oil-eating microbes bioproducts developed with clean technology by the Center of Excellence in Microbial Technology for Marine Pollution Treatment, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, under the supervision of Associate Professor Dr. Onruthai Pinyakong.

Concept Origins

“Usually, managing oil spills starts with physical methods, like oil booms, or oil dispersants followed by biodegradation, which is slow and unpredictable. So, if the biodegradation process can be accelerated, it should bring about major benefits,” said Assoc. Prof. Dr. Onruthai who then turned to “oil-eating microbes”.

Thailand — the source of quality and diverse microorganisms

To accelerate the biodegradation process, sufficient quantities of effective oil-eating microbes developed into bioproducts with a long shelf life must be used.

Thailand has high biodiversity — a good source of pollutants-degrading microorganisms. Pollutant eating and biosurfactants producing microorganisms were thus selected from previously contaminated sites with high biodiversity such as marine sediments, sediments from mangrove forests, as well as water or soil contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons. They were then cultured and multiplied while ensuring that the isolated microorganisms are not pathogenic, and safe for users and the environment. The isolated toxins-digesting microbes, aka oil-eating microbes, were then developed into 3 types of lab products:

– Ready-to-use liquid formula suitable for contaminated sand or soil.

– Microbial product pellets suitable to treat contaminated soil or sand while promoting aeration and biodegradation.

– Microbial immobilization suitable for contaminated water.

Expanding research into industrial production

This research has received widespread feedback and support from both the public and private sectors who give much importance to the Bio-Circular-Green Economic Model which is in line with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the United Nations.

If these bioproducts to clean marine oil spills can reach commercial-scale production and use, they will be part of the BCG Economy using truly clean technology, which the research team is ready to transfer to investors and interested parties to collaborate and develop in the future.

For more information, visit https://www.chula.ac.th/en/highlight/84839/

Breakthrough development in instant measurement of liver function- the galactose single point rapid measurement system

The World Health Organization (WHO) declared that the vast majority of hepatitis patients worldwide do not have access to timely hepatitis detection and treatment. Sadly, the condition of millions of hepatitis patients is at risk of worsening into cirrhosis, liver cancer, and death. Hepatitis also strongly impacts us, as it is the leading cause of death among Taiwanese. Furthermore, liver cancer has been ranked among the top 2 causes of death for the last 40 years.

Reluctantly tacking these problems, Chair Prof. Oliver Hu (Hu Yao-pu), alongside his research this research team from the Taipei Medical University, Academia Sinica, and National Defense Medical Center, in collaboration with international biomedical companies Avalon HepaPOC Limited and Jaco Biotech, successfully developed the “GSP (Galactose Single Point) Rapid Measurement System.” This system facilitates instant and quantitative measurement of the blood flow and enzymes of the liver using a single-point blood test to determine actual liver function.

To save us time and alleviate pain, the GSP Rapid Measurement System was created to use the GSP (Galactose Single Point). We are proud to announce, this method invented by Prof. Hu can be employed immediately in a clinical setting. The Method has been recommended in the guidelines promulgated by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (USFDA) and Taiwan’s Ministry of Health and Welfare. Apart from that, GSP is also included in widely used medical textbooks in the U.K. and the U.S. In May 2022, it was also published in “Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry.” a world-leading biomedical analytical journal that’s existed for over 100 years.
(https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00216-022-04051-1)

This measurement system allows rapid quantification of the degree of liver impairment in patients. It can be applied to a wide range of patients with liver insufficiency by adjusting the dose of medications such as phenytoin, statins, and cefoperazone. Moreover, GSP also facilitates the screening for congenital galactosemia for the timely and cost-effective clinical management of patients.

Prof. Hu highlighted that the GSP Rapid Measurement System can be used in hospitals, clinics, and even pharmacies to test liver functioning. The actual liver function results are available within an hour. The simple measurement method is similar to blood glucose testing: patients just have to draw a little blood an hour after drinking or injecting galactose, and their liver function can be tested within 75 seconds. Currently, the System is patented in Taiwan, the U.S., China, and other countries, and was granted an In Vitro Diagnostic Device (IVD) license by the Ministry of Health and Welfare of Taiwan. It is expected to serve and benefit a large number of patients diagnosed with liver disease as well as those taking physical examinations.

Student well-being drives globally renowned University

The Malaysia Education Blueprint reaffirmed the student’s primacy in transforming the education system. In tandem with UiTM 2025 Strategic Plan, Faculty of Applied Sciences (FSG) strives to provide a conducive learning environment that produces holistic graduates with entrepreneurial skills who are globally competitive. However, preparing the students to thrive in this complex and ever-changing future necessitates equally exceptional supports from the institution.

FSG has a dedicated team responsible for providing outstanding academic and non-academic support to its 4623 students. A total of 108 virtual activities were conducted in 2021 through collaborative efforts between the Managements, HEP, Majlis Perwakilan Pelajar (MPP), Sekretariat Mahasiswa Fakulti (SMF), and 14 student associations, fostering student’s leadership, entrepreneurial skills, community-based volunteerism, and providing a platform for students to unleash their potential in co-curricular activities related to innovations, e-sports and international linkages.

Encouragement, administrative procedure and funding support are always given to engage with international peers, co-curricular activities and entrepreneurship programs. In 2021, FSG sent 4 students to AIMS mobility programs at Mae Fah Luang University, Thailand and an exchange program at Southern Connecticut State University, USA; 40 students interned at multinational companies, and 2 of which were Forbes 2000 companies; one student was named a UiTM Unicorn Scholar for a start-up company called Sulam Global Enterprise; and one student won first place for 2021 Voice Out Loud competition.

Facing the ODL, FSG welcomed and equipped new students with relevant academic and social information via a virtual Get-To-Know-Day. Tips and sharing sessions about ODL tools were also shared during the event. This initiative aids students’ transition into the university system when they begin. FSG also created a year-round platform for students to express concerns or share ODL feedback via e-aduan. The MPP presented 440 feedbacks to the Management teams which helped improve the ODL session. Consequently, Dean lists increased from 1181 in October 2020 to 1343 in Mac 2021. Monetary incentive was provided to all Dean list students to encourage their academic excellence.

Beyond the academic matter, FSG is deeply concerned with students’ well-being especially in times of anxiety and uncertainty. Unique to FSG, students have access to a telegram group (FSGXCIC) with an in-house counsellor who assists them in coping with any aspect of student life. This platform shares infographics on study tips, mental health awareness, and career paths periodically. Less fortunate students were assisted through faculty welfare funds in addition to zakat and other contributions from faculty members:15 LENOVO smart tabs worth RM 6300 raised through “Tabung Prihatin FSG” were distributed to assist students in their learning, while 140 students stranded in college were given RM 100 one-off via Bantuan Khas Non-Resident during the recent MCO. Following unfortunate events, 43 students involved in the recent flood received flash donations or Derma Ikhlas.

The compassion and support provided enhance trust and sense of belonging, expectation and positive experiences for the current and incoming students. Despite the unprecedented impact of pandemic, students will have the reassurance that FSG cares about their welfare as proclaimed in the taglines #UiTMdihatiku #FSGKuSayang#FSGpadu.

UiTMLaw at forefront of disability inclusion within government sector

On 8th June 2022, Dr. Ikmal Hisham Md Tah moderated a forum session “MyCEKAP Public Facilities: Inclusivity Discussion on Policy and Initiative by the Ministry of Transport Malaysia”. The forum session discussed matters concerning public facility and inclusivity, with the objective of providing information to People with Disabilities (PWD) on the Government’s efforts in improving policies, action plans and programmes that benefit vulnerable communities which include persons with disabilities.

In addition, the forum session also aimed to encourage participation from the community to build an inclusive society; and to create participants’ profiles to ensure sharing of information in an effective manner. The forum session was organised by the People With Disabilities Communication Unit, Department of Information Malaysia, Putrajaya.

Ms. Ayuni Mahammad Zin, officer from the Ministry of Transport Malaysia, elaborated on various initiatives by the Ministry that benefit PWD during the session. They include accessible public transport, transport licence, and audit access on transport facilities. Works and continuous improvements on public transport, including trains and buses, have been carried out to ensure that the facilities are disabled-friendly and accessible to everyone.

In addition, the Malaysian government has also provided numerous initiatives, including the discount card for PWD, the accessible ticket counter, the PWD platform and ample accessible places within public transport infrastructure for wheelchair users, the portable ramp, and the emergency button. Ministry of Transport Malaysia, through its National Transport Policy and Action Plan, has provided continuous improvements, including best practices on the transport system and facilities to ensure that they would be accessible and could provide more benefits to the PWD community in Malaysia. This program demonstrates a significant contribution of UiTMLaw expert at the forefront of disability inclusion within society through accessible and disabled-friendly transport systems and facilities in Malaysia.

Digitalisation and innovation drives from UiTM

Adapting to the new normal arises from COVID-19 pandemic has evolved digitalization initiatives within the Faculty of Applied Sciences’ (FSG, UiTM) various operational systems. In the key operational systems, the faculty began the transition from manual to digital logging. These processes involve the synergy of both academic and administrative staff. These include the centralised log of chemical stocks, which previously faced challenges of excess orders due to non-centered laboratories and a wide range of research fields. The existence of a digital platform called “Setulus” that records the availability of chemical stock; remarkably, no more redundancy in orders, cutting the cost by 50% and allowing researchers and students to find chemicals 60% quicker.

The final year students may still be affected by the uncertain conditions post-COVID-19. During their internships, the report now has been accomplished via digital logbook. Faculty are concerned that the majority of articles produced as a result of final year research projects went unpublished, thus we established, Junior Science Communication (JSC); an online publication where final-year students may publish short articles on their research findings. In 2021, 12 issues were produced, including contributions from all UiTM platforms.

As a top research faculty, communications are vital for reporting the achievements. The RIA page was created to serve as the official website for the department of research, industry, and alumni. All research procedures and processes are centralised on a single platform to eliminate under-reporting and misunderstandings among employees over where to report, Single Chanel Reporting was created. This digital platform simplifies the process of locating the required information, and has now processed over a hundred data points. Hence, academics interested in joining the research track will be able to apply entirely online. This permits year-round applications and the approval procedure is speedier than the traditional approach, requiring just two weeks instead of two months, and had assisted about a third of FSG’s research track aspiring.

As all creative minds at all levels are celebrated, various innovations have emerged in 2021. The anti-locked door knob was created by technical and academic staff of FSG. Missing the key in the room has been remedied at a very low installation cost. Other discoveries include the Thumb Print Analysis Box, based on a forensic powder experiment, that keeps the powder out of the lab and keeps it clean.

FSG researchers continue creating substantial advances for society. AgroFarm2U exemplifies FSG and a local enterprise working together. They built an Agrofarm2U IoT-based vegetable growing system. The Internet of Things optimises fertiliser and water consumption, allowing farmers to monitor plant settings. FSG textile scientists designed the Malaysian Olympic Sailing team’s outfit in partnership with Fitech Asia Plt. Our athletes’ textiles are designed to be breathable and comfortable. Sternazip was created to help heart patients prevent infection after open chest surgery. Together with a heart surgeon, FSG scientists created an anti-bacterial silicon substance that has gained worldwide renown. These key insights will help build in intrinsic agility which further strike that right digital balance and disrupt to make FSG different.

CCU’S engagement and innovation of global business

In response to globalization and internationalization, all countries are facing the challenge of integrating their own talents with the international community. Since English is currently the most important language for international communication, the Taiwanese government aims to enhance the English language skills of the people in order to increase competitiveness globally, promote the bilingual national policy to cultivate more local bilingual talents, and expand the international communication ability and the global vision of talents from Taiwan to become highly competitive throughout the industry.

In order to enhance the advantages of students under this wave of internationalization and response to government policies, the Chinese Culture University (hereinafter referred to as CCU) has established a benchmarking of bilingual college that combines professional areas of English foreign affairs to offer opportunities to apply English for students, which strengthens students’ motivation to learn English and deepens their international mobility. In addition, by strengthening the recruitment of English-foreign language speaking, teaching and research talents, the school will improve the English teaching, curriculum, research & counseling, and assist in the training of teaching English, as well as establish surroundings for all English professional fields.

The Global Business Program in CCU offers a bachelor’s degree and a master’s degree, available through our 5-year BA & MA. The curriculum combines the core competencies and professional subjects provided by College of Business (including international business administration, international finance, economics, accounting, statistics, database management, banking management, marketing, etc.) in order to provide our students with comprehensive and systematic knowledge related to global business. To construct an all-English learning environment and enhance the students’ English proficiency, all courses with the program are taught solely in English, helping the local students enhance English proficiency without paying high expenses to study abroad.

Additionally, we are honored to present our industry-academia collaboration programs with international enterprises, which provide abundant opportunities, internships, and scholarships to our students. Dual-degree programs and 5-year master programs are also available through our strategic alliance with several universities from U.S., U.K., France, Australia, Japan, South Korea, etc. An opportunity to study with foreign students allows them to experience diverse cultures. Furthermore, we make great efforts to recruitment of domestic and foreign students, contact with international students, cultivate international outlook and world outlook, so that students can be in line with international standards and enhance international competitiveness as soon as possible.

 

Chula Faculty of Education develops ‘Doll Houses’ educational toy that instills sense of compassion in children

A lecturer from the Chula Faculty of Education has developed an educational toy that instills a sense of compassion in children while teaching them to live peacefully with the elderly and people with disabilities in society.

The Doll House was developed by Assistant Professor Pornthep Lerttevasiri, Art Education Division, Department of Art, Music, and Dance Education, Faculty of Education, Chulalongkorn University to instill empathy, and promote maturity in children, aged 3-6, so that they can live happily with others.

Social simulation

The dollhouse is unique in that the dolls portray various forms of disability including visual impairment, hearing impairment, cerebral palsy, etc., and are equipped with devices used in their daily life with realistic mechanisms made of MDF (Medium Density Fiber Board) that’s safe for children. Developed based on world-class award-winning research, the dollhouse and dolls are made with patented joints and locking systems making them realistic and interesting to play with.

The fun of coexistence

The toy set comes with a basic manual on the importance of coexistence with the disabled and the elderly, as well as how to operate devices, and give appropriate help, for example, when crossing the road.

Play not Preach

Asst. Prof. Pornthep stresses that parents and teachers must read and understand the basic manual, which contains methods, guidance, and equipment information to help people with disabilities to be able to adapt the information into fun play for children.

Parents or teachers may let their children play with the dollhouse imaginatively on their own, but adults and children should spend time and learn together. It’s life learning that comes with age-appropriate fun.

“The disabled don’t need sympathy, but understanding and help in the right way. The dollhouse is fun for children to play with while learning how to help the disabled, how to use the equipment, and most importantly, coexist with the disabled and the elderly.

Those interested in the Doll House can contact Asst. Prof. Pornthep, Art Education Division, Department of Art, Music, and Dance Education, Faculty of Education, Chulalongkorn University, Tel +662-218-2565 ext 5601.

EdUHK research reveals positive parenting on hand hygiene help reduce kindergarteners’ absenteeism from flu-like illnesses

Good hand hygiene has been found to be an effective way to prevent the spread of infectious organisms and the most important defence against disease, but studies have shown that many parents have inadequate knowledge, reporting skills, and parenting practices related to seasonal influenza. Previous research has shown a positive relationship between parents’ and children’s health practices. The research by Dr Peggy Or Pui-lai, Assistant Professor at the Department of Health and Physical Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, investigated whether there was any correlation between flu infection among parents and their kindergarten-age children, and the effectiveness of using hand hygiene interventions in kindergartens to lower kindergarten children’s absenteeism attributable to seasonal flu.

Fifteen kindergartens in Hong Kong were randomly selected, from which 58 parents and two grandparents, and their children or grandchildren were invited to participate in the hand-hygiene programme. To support the validity of the study, the WHO hand-hygiene checklist was used to ensure sufficient coverage of the objectives. An infection-control nurse conducted four weekly 45-minute training session for the children and a separate one-hour session for parents. Parents monitored their children for flu symptoms, and the kindergartens monitored their school attendance. To evaluate the effectiveness of the programme, the children and their parents were required to answer 10 true-or-false questions in a questionnaire on hand hygiene knowledge before and after the hand-hygiene programme. A research assistant explained the questions and answers clearly to the children.

The results of the study showed that children with strong parenting and good hand hygiene had fewer recorded signs and symptoms of flu-like illnesses. The absence rates in all participating kindergartens owing to flu decreased from 21.5% to 12% in the three-month study period.

In the hand-hygiene knowledge test, 6.8% of parents correctly answered the question on the seven-step hand hygiene technique before the programme, while 79.5% answered it correctly after the programme. In the hand-hygiene skills test, the parts of the hands that were not properly washed before the intervention were the back of the hands, the back of the fingers, the thumbs and the wrists. After the programme, the percentages of the properly washed areas on both hands increased significantly, in particular the wrists from 0.5% to 82%, and 27% more children showed concern about the hand hygiene behaviour of the people around them, especially their parents’. The children also shared what they had learnt with their parents, and their parents started paying more attention to proper handwashing. This also provided more common topics for conversation between them, resulting in increased communication and closer bonds.

Researchers concluded that the flu infection rate of the parents and their children was significantly correlated with P = .005. The awareness and personal hygiene skills of parents and children were both raised after the programme. The findings supported that positive parenting on hand hygiene helped reduce kindergarteners’ absenteeism from flu-like illnesses.

UiTM collaborates with school to empower STEM among high school students

Over the past few years, we have begun to detect a pattern of declining student interest for science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM)-based be it in school and at the university level. This phenomenon will affect the ‘output’ of engineers, scientists, and doctors. Adding to this, it will also have implications for the specialist workforce, even thwarting efforts to achieve the status of a developed country. Industry players especially those involved in the industrial revolution 4.0 (IR4.0) have aware of this issue and creating concern among them. Effort has to be made and one of the ways to overcome this phenomenon is to diversify methods in conducting STEM-based experiments at the high school level by leveraging the experience and expertise of lecturers and graduate students at local universities.

In order to implement this effort, a group of lecturers and graduate students from the Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Negeri Sembilan Branch (UiTMCNS) Malaysia have implemented a joint venture program with one of the high schools in the state, Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Seremban Jaya 2 (SMKSJ2) entitled “STEM Empowerment Program”. The main objective of this program is to guide students to carry out an experiment by hands-on experience. Besides that, this program is also focusing to enhance their skills in handling the experiments to prepare them to sit for the Sijil Pelajaran Malaysia (SPM) examination practical papers.

In this program, the subject areas involved were Physics, Chemistry and Biology. For the Physics experiments, the students were performing two experiments: the free fall and thermodynamic. As for the Chemistry, the students have carried out copper electroplating and titration experiment. Last but not least, students have carried out experiments related to Biology in which they studied the effect of temperature on the activity of amylase enzymes and carried out cell division by mitosis. All experiments were successfully conducted with the guidance of professional facilitators from each field. On top of that, the students were given the opportunity to explore and conduct each experiment themselves. In this way, students can develop their passion in STEM and hopefully pursue their studies in the STEM fields. Apart from conducting experiments, the students were also guided on how to produce a good scientific report. These skills are very important to prepare them as future scientists and researchers in STEM fields.

The “STEM Empowerment Program” ended successfully and received amazing feedback from the students and their teachers. This kind of program provide hands-on and minds-on lessons for the student. It has made STEM activities fun and interesting which in turn helps the student to do much more than just learn.

It is hoped that more programs outside the school in collaboration with UiTM can be continued, especially for rural students who lack in terms of laboratory facilities and expertise. Together with the Malaysian government support toward the IR4.0 industry, this program can generate a positive impact to increase the student’s interest in STEM-based area and eventually prepares professionals who can transform society with innovation and sustainable solutions.