St. Petersburg Mining University’s Graduate Shares his Career Journey

One of the most acute problems Russia’s mineral resources sector is facing is a lack of skilled workers. Young engineers simply do not want to move to the Far North to work, wherein most of the country’s deposits are located. And even if they decide to take their chances on the Extreme North, few stay, whilst the majority cannot adapt and leave in a couple of months. 

Of course, everyone dreams of getting an office job in a megacity right after graduation. But Maxim Goncharuk, the Head of the Department of New Projects at AV Group, is not everyone. He was born in Sakhalin. His grandfather from Vorkuta was a miner specializing in underground blasting; he used to talk about his work a lot, which eventually influenced Maxim’s choice of future profession.

The young boy entered St. Petersburg Mining University and underwent internships at the Kirovsky and North Onezhsky bauxite mines. However, after completing his degree, he realized he wanted to test himself and try something more extreme.

The fresh graduate got a job at Polymetal and left for Khabarovsk Krai to work on a rotational basis, just a week after receiving a degree certificate. It was quite a rigid schedule: three months at work and one month off. Maxim started there as a blaster, and a year afterward, he was already a deputy to the site manager. Soon he was noticed by AV Group, the largest drilling operator and producer of blasting agents across the CIS and Russia, and invited to Amur Oblast for working at the Albynsky mine.

“I had about 70 subordinates at that time. Once I realized I had gained enough field experience, I applied for the manager position at the Department of New Projects. And so I moved to Moscow to work at the parent’s company office. My function was to implement the world’s best drilling-and-blasting practices in our organization. After four years of working with innovations, I was offered to head the department. My current role lies in organizing and supervising the newly established subsidiaries in the regions of little potential that did not raise the company’s attention before,” says Maxim Goncharuk.

“Of course, large-scale projects are the most beneficial. For example, our branch in Kemerovo blasts millions of cubes a year. Yet, we have plenty of small quarries and mines in Central Russia. We are actually going through a rapid expansion phase now, with the last three years bringing in new subsidiaries in the center and the south of the country and the Volga Federal District. The North Caucasus is next on the list,” adds Maxim Goncharuk.

As mining-engineering professions are gaining popularity, youngsters have become more conscious about choosing universities to study at. They apply to technical and engineering universities, already knowing what kind of work awaits them and where their future workplace will be located. Indeed, high salaries, stability, and exciting career prospects are good motivators. New projects in the north of Russia are being continuously launched, which provides university graduates with opportunities to grow professionally. 

Faced with understaffing, mineral companies have intensified cooperation with higher educational institutions. According to Maxim Goncharuk, in 2020, AV Group’s executives paid a visit to Mining University to discuss possibilities for mutually beneficial cooperation. The company intends to offer students internship opportunities and employ them later on.

“My colleagues acquainted themselves with the university’s lab facilities and acknowledged the high quality of teaching. Our HR director said she had never seen such a top-notch university in Russia before. So it is hardly surprising then that we have probably about ten graduates of Mining University among the company’s managerial staff only. My coworkers were particularly impressed by Orica’s education & research laboratory for simulating explosions and learning blasting techniques,” says Maxim.

Attracting industry leaders as partners to organize systematic practical lessons and traineeships helps raise the level of young professionals drastically. Our company is also looking for ways to get into the education system – by introducing our own materials and teaching how to handle equipment and work with technologies,” he concludes.

TPU to Train Heat Power Engineers for Nuclear Industry in Europe, Africa and Asia

The Engineering School of Energy and Power Engineering at Tomsk Polytechnic University is launching a new master’s program on Operation and Engineering of Nuclear Power Plants. It is designed for international students who come from countries heavily investing in the development and construction of nuclear power facilities.

The program will be provided in English only, with ten extrabudgetary opportunities. The enrolment campaign will start in spring 2021.

“Tomsk Polytechnic University is successfully delivering some academic programs designed for students from Egypt, Vietnam, Kazakhstan and other countries to work at nuclear power plants. We constantly monitor the demand from enterprises for certain professionals. Thus, now there is a demand for heat power engineers,” says Sergey Lavrinenko, senior lecturer at the Butakov Research Center.

“With this in view, we are launching a master’s program for foreign students in power engineering, so that they can continue their studies in Heat Power Engineering and Heat Engineering, but following the specifics of nuclear power plants.”

The program includes disciplines covering the entire life cycle of heat and electrical energy production at nuclear power plants. Students will study the design, operation, and maintenance of nuclear power plants and units.

The program features a significant amount of research activities related to the sustainable, safe, and economical operation of nuclear power plants, as well as research and production practices to consolidate theoretical knowledge.

Thus, future students will have opportunities to do internships at the National Research Nuclear University MEPHI in Volgodonsk, and Butakov Research Center, which have all the thermal and mechanical equipment necessary for operation.

“Our graduates will meet the modern professional standards of the nuclear industry. In particular, they will get the competencies required to design, operate, maintain and repair the principal and auxiliary thermo-mechanical equipment of nuclear power plants.

After graduation, young heat power engineers will be good at high-tech design, simulation, and operation of energy-technological units, including those based on digital technologies.

This approach to the training of future heat and power engineers will ensure the competitive development of the nuclear industry, which is responsive to today’s needs,” Sergey Lavrinenko explains.

Wearable Microfluidic Sensor to Measure Lactate Concentration in Real Time

Lactate, a compound present in sweat, is an important biomarker to quantify during exercise. However, available wearable sensors can cause skin irritation, which calls for the use of different materials. In a recent study, scientists at the Tokyo University of Science have developed a soft and nonirritating microfluidic sensor for the real-time measurement of lactate concentration in sweat. This wearable device will help monitor the state of the body during intense physical exercise or work.

Their work, which was published in Electrochimica Acta, was led by Associate Professor Isao Shitanda, Mr. Masaya Mitsumoto, and Dr. Noya Loew from the Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry at the Tokyo University of Science, Japan.

The team first focused on the sensing mechanism that they would employ in the sensor. Most lactate biosensors are made by immobilizing lactate oxidase (an enzyme) and an appropriate mediator on an electrode.

A chemical reaction involving lactate oxidase, the mediator, and free lactate results in the generation of a measurable current between electrodes—a current that is roughly proportional to the concentration of lactate.

A tricky aspect here is how to immobilize the enzyme and mediator on an electrode. To do this, the scientists employed a method called “electron beam-induced graft polymerization,” by which functional molecules were bonded to a carbon-based material that can spontaneously bind to the enzyme. The researchers then turned the material into a liquid ink that can be used to print electrodes.

This last part turns out to be an important aspect for the future commercialization of the sensor, as Dr. Shitanda explains, “The fabrication of our sensor is compatible with screen printing, an excellent method for fabricating lightweight, flexible electrodes that can be scaled up for mass production.”

With the sensing mechanism complete, the team then designed an appropriate system for collecting sweat and delivering it to the sensor. They achieved this with a microfluidic sweat collection system made out of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS); it comprised multiple small inlets, an outlet, and a chamber for the sensor in between.

“We decided to use PDMS because it is a soft, nonirritating material suitable for our microfluidic sweat collection system, which is to be in direct contact with the skin,” comments Mr. Mitsumoto.

The detection limits of the sensor and its operating range for lactate concentrations was confirmed to be suitable for investigating the “lactate threshold”—the point at which aerobic (with oxygen) metabolism turns into anaerobic (without oxygen) metabolism during exercise.

Real-time monitoring of this bodily phenomenon is important for several applications, as Dr. Loew remarks, “Monitoring the lactate threshold will help optimize the training of athletes and the exercise routines of rehabilitation patients and the elderly, as well as control the exertion of high-performance workers such as firefighters.”

The team is already testing the implementation of this sensor in practical scenarios. With any luck, the progress made in this study will help develop the field of wearable chemical sensors, helping us to keep better track of our bodily processes and maintain better health.

Niagara College and TSoM Partnership Creates Several Opportunities for Students

Niagara College (NC) and Global University Systems (GUS) announced a partnership today that provides a broad range of opportunities for students from both organizations, sets the stage for collaborative international projects and partnerships, and the delivery of select Niagara College credentials at GUS’s Toronto School of Management (TSoM).

Based in the Netherlands and with a strong presence in Canada, Global University Systems (GUS) is a network of higher education institutions offering undergraduate, graduate and law degree programs, educating more than 85,000 students worldwide. The new agreement has received approval from the Ministry of Colleges and Universities, under provincial policy that creates flexibility for public colleges to partner with private colleges to expand the delivery of programs.

Through the partnership, four Niagara College business and hospitality programs will be delivered at GUS’s Toronto School of Management in downtown Toronto, providing international students with the opportunity to enroll in NC’s programs while accessing the significant employment, recreational and entertainment opportunities offered in Toronto.

The initial programs within the partnership, with the first intake already open for Spring 2021 are for Business General, International Business Management (Graduate Certificate), Hospitality and Tourism Management (Graduate Certificate) and Human Resources Management (Graduate Certificate).

TSoM has been selected as the exclusive partner to deliver these credentials in Toronto. The agreement ensures that the student experience and academic delivery of programming will be aligned with NC’s exceptional student experience.

A comprehensive quality assurance framework will ensure that students at the Toronto location enjoy the same level of academic rigor and quality of student services that are offered at NC’s Niagara-based campuses. Programs will be delivered by expert TSoM faculty, and graduates will receive a Niagara College credential.

“We’re fortunate to have a partner with an exceptional track record in higher education and global engagement, who demonstrates the ability and the commitment to meet the high standards that we set for our programs and our services,” said Niagara College President Sean Kennedy.

“We are honored to have been chosen by a prestigious institution such as Niagara College Canada to work together,” said Ehsan Safdari, Managing Director at TSoM.

“We are equally committed to supporting students with a professional education that will help them in their careers. We believe this will be a great opportunity to provide students with expanded access to Niagara College’s top-quality programs. We look forward to working with them and welcoming their students at our campus.”

The agreement also paves the way for Niagara College students to pursue study abroad, co-op placements, exchanges, and international field studies within the GUS network; pathways from Niagara College diploma programs to GUS degree programs, cooperative global business and educational development programs; and Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) and English as a Subsequent Language (ESL) project possibilities globally.

“This exciting partnership is an important part of our broader strategy to create new global opportunities for students, and support long-term enrolment stability and growth,” said Niagara College President Sean Kennedy. “The agreement is also driven by our entrepreneurial spirit, as we work to identify global partnership opportunities that support our core operations in Niagara.”

“We are excited to see TSoM engage in this innovative and entrepreneurial partnership,” said Cyndi McLeod, GUS Canada CEO. “This collaboration aims to provide all students with high-quality education that prepares them for Ontario’s workforce while meeting the demand from international students for Niagara College postsecondary programs.”

TPU Postgraduates from Egypt Working to Improve Autonomous Power-supply Systems

Ibrahim Ahmed Ibrahim Mohamed and Abuelsaud Raif Siam Sayed Ahmed, Egyptian postgraduates of the School of Energy & Power Engineering have defended their thesis papers on autonomous electrotechnical complexes and systems. Young scientists are planning to stay at TPU for further work.

TPU postgraduates have completed their studies majoring in Electrical and Heat Engineering.

Ahmed’s scientific work focuses on the autonomous power-supply systems, the so-called microgrids, studies their operating modes, and searches for control laws for these systems. The work is based on the usage of new mathematical algorithms, built by analogy with the laws of evolution in nature.

“Microgrids have recently been actively distributed and promoted because you can solve a lot of problems using them. For example, power supply for remote regions, not connected to central electric power networks, assimilation of new territories, which require power sources and so on,”

Sergey Obukhov, Ahmed’s scientific supervisor, Professor at the Department for Power Engineering and Electrical Engineering says.

The applied algorithm is built by analogy with a swarm of particles. It helps to find the best solution out of many options, allowing to increase the effectiveness of the controllers of the maximum capacity of solar batteries as well as to optimize equipment configuration of the designed power supply systems based on renewable energy sources.

“Earlier, we had to sort out dozens, hundreds of thousands variants of features for future systems, as well as to analyze them during a long period of time. From a mathematical standpoint, these tasks require computers with a high level of performance. Our algorithm solves the same problem using ordinary computers. Besides, it’s universal,” Ahmed explains.

Raif’s research focuses on the operation of an autonomous voltage inverter, the central link of the electric power complex. It is a device, transforming the energy of the primary source into the energy required by the consumer.

“Today central autonomous voltage inverters are based on the elements of power electronics and operate in a key switching mode. Our task was to find such a mode of operation of this link in order to ensure an uninterrupted power supply of high quality.

At the same time, the consumer may be of any kind: from cars and planes to space vehicles,” Alexander Garganeyev, Raif’s scientific supervisor, Professor at the Department for Power Engineering and Electrical Engineering says.

The developed algorithm refers to the predictive control method using which makes it possible to predict further actions of the consumer or the system in microseconds or milliseconds.

“Together with Ahmed and our supervisors, we’ve applied for a grant from the Russian Science Foundation. We’ve been planning to develop the direction of autonomous power supply systems further,” Raif adds.

MoU Signed between UTAR, AAET, AETDEW, MSPC and CNAP

Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR) signed a memorandum of understanding (MoU) with ASEAN Academy of Science and Technology (AAET), Academy of Engineering and Technology for the Developing World Sdn Bhd (AETDEW), Malaysian Service Providers Confederation (MSPC), and CourseNetworking Asia Pacific Malaysia (CNAP) via Zoom on 4 February 2021.

Under the MoU, the five parties will work together to promote knowledge sharing and online learning for the benefits of members and the public using CourseNetworking’s online learning platform with the support from UTAR, as well as to share online courses and webinars organized by AAET, AETDEW, and MSPC with UTAR which will be uploaded onto Inspire@Learning of UTAR that is powered by CourseNetworking.

The MoU was signed by UTAR President Ir Prof Dr Ewe Hong Tat, AAET President Ir Academician Emeritus Prof Tan Sri Dato’ Dr Chuah Hean Teik, AETDEW President Academician Dato’ (Dr) Ir Lee Yee Cheong, MSPC President Dato’ Ts Abdul Radzak Abdul Malek, and CNAP Director Yong Mien Dee; in the presence of UTAR Vice President for Internationalisation and Academic Development Ir Prof Dr Yow Ho Kwang, AAET Fellow Ir Yau Chau Fong, AETDEW Secretary-General Ts Ir Dr Choo Kok Beng, MSPC Council Member Ts Ir Yam Teong Sian, and CNAP Chairman Datuk Ir Yong Ah Huat.

Speaking at the signing ceremony, Prof Ewe said, “The five-party partnership today was inspired by our shared objectives in promoting and accelerating the progress of research, education and training which is aligned with the sustainable development goals – SDG4 Quality Education and SDG9 Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure.

“We see this form of collaboration and networking as a vital growth for the University, as well as creating a holistic experience for our students, especially when they participate in the online courses and webinars.”

“On 3 August 2020, UTAR and CNAP launched Inspire@Learning to endorse UTAR’s commitment to providing a platform for e-learning and continuous professional development courses through online modes. I am happy to note that this collaboration has continued to today’s MoU with further ventures and additional collaboration partners,” he added.

“I always believe we must do the right thing. Although it might be a small thing at the beginning, it could snowball and become important. All of us are trying our very best to create a platform for us to contribute toward science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM),” said Tan Sri Dato’ Chuah in his remarks.

He continued, “We hope, through the support of UTAR and all our partners not only from academics but also from the industry, we will be able to contribute to the SDGs of UNESCO.”

He exemplified the commitment of academic collaboration to address the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals and said, “Education is one that will be very important to uplift the social status and properties of students and their family.”

He mentioned that they were contributing to not only quality education and affordable course, but also towards SDG5 Gender Equality, SDG8 Decent Work and Economic Growth, as well as SDG10 Reduce Inequality Within and Among Countries.

On the other hand, Dato’ Lee said, “AETDEW is a very new academy. In 2016, the minister of education has actually promoted a project for industry and university cooperation called Hundred Universities Project. This was meant for giant digital cooperations, such as Alibaba, Hua Wei, etcetera to go to the technical universities.”

The project involved 100 universities throughout the Belt and Road (B&R) countries which are connected to 100 counterpart universities in China for installing big data and artificial intelligence (AI) application innovation centers.

“I am very happy that UTAR is one of the first to participate in this venture. So I hope that China through their giant digital cooperation can provide resources to set up big data and AI centre in universities in the developing world in order for us to upgrade the indigenous human capacity building in digital skills and also entrepreneurship,” he said.

Delivering a speech at the ceremony, Yong said, “I want to emphasize that now is the right time. We had never seen such a huge usage ever since we started building this online CourseNetworking platform from the scratch with the CN US team. We have seen almost 200% growth in the usage and adoption rate from teachers and students all over the world.”

She continued, “CNAP ensures people are comfortable with the platform and embrace the platform because it is a very powerful platform that can help people learn and go global. What we did was we provided a lot of online training for people to adapt and adopt the platform.”

She added, “What we can do better, even in such circumstances, is to learn something new, adapt to new changes, and reinvent ourselves so that we can survive, continue to grow, and continue to be better at what we do today. With the use of technology, I am sure that we all can embrace this new change and not only realise new things and new learning ways but also new income, new opportunity, and new learning environment.”

Dato’ Abdul Radzak, on the other hand, expressed his excitement for the virtual meeting and the collaboration. He said, “During the pandemic, we have adopted the technology as a new normal and it has been quite convenient to talk to each other. This is a time for sharing and caring. More collaboration will make us stronger together.” He added, “Today is an important journey for industry, community, and future generations of our country. Hopefully, we all will succeed in our endeavor.”

A presentation was then given by Client Experience Manager of CourseNetworking Savitha Sanathanan on CourseNetworking, followed by another presentation from UTAR Director of Centre for Extension Education (CEE) Dr Lim Jee Hock on Inspire@Learning.

Also present at the ceremony were AAET Executive Secretary Dr Fok Kuk Fai, UTAR Division of Community and International Networking (DCInterNet) Director Assoc Prof Dr Lai Soon Onn, DCInterNet Deputy Director of Kampar Campus Dr Chen I-Chi, CEE Business Development and Administration and Operation Unit Head Joleena Chong binti Muhammad Chong and UTAR staff.

LAT Named the Trading Academy of the Year for Second Consecutive Year

London Academy of Trading (LAT) today announced it has been named ‘Trading Academy of the Year’ for the second consecutive year by the London Prestige Awards.

LAT was recognized for its commitment to making financial trading education as accessible as possible while adapting to the challenges presented by the COVID-19 pandemic. LAT was also noted as providing a wide selection of courses that cater to students with varying levels of financial trading knowledge to further hone their skills for personal and professional purposes.

The London Prestige Awards celebrates small and medium-sized enterprises consisting of businesses that have thrived in their highly competitive community and have proven their success during the past 12 months.

Shortlisted finalists were judged on a range of different factors including service excellence, industry recognition, employee satisfaction, marketing and branding, and ethical practice.

Commenting on the award, Paddy Osborn, Academic Dean at LAT, said: “We are delighted to have been named ‘Trading Academy of the Year’ once again. This is great news for us at LAT following a very challenging 2020. When Covid lock-down first hit in March 2020, we quickly adapted the delivery of our programs to 100% online, with several hours a day of live, interactive webinars, and analysis sessions.

“We’ve been thrilled with the positive feedback received from students, and this award recognizes the continued hard work and dedication of our academic team, as well as the flexibility of our students. Providing a first-class student experience is at the heart of what we do, so it is great to be recognized and appreciated for this approach.”

Established in 2010, LAT provides dedicated education on finance and trading-related subjects. LAT is accredited by the British Accreditation Council (BAC) and its short courses are certified by Continuing Professional Development (CPD). In addition, its three-month Advanced Trading Course is accredited by the Association of Business Executives (ABE).

UiTM MassComm Receives GIACC Grant to Research on Corruption

The Faculty of Communication and Media Studies (MASSCOM), Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Malaysia, was recently awarded the Creative Content Development Research Grant from the National Governance Integrity and Anti-Corruption Center (GIACC).

The team led by the Dean of the Faculty, Assoc.Prof.Dr Massila Hamzah and members Dr Suhaimee Saahar@Saabar, Dr Shazleen Mohamed, YM Dr Tengku Elena Tengku Mahamad, Abuzar Abdul Halim, YM Raja Putri Nadiah Raja Ahmad, Aeyneda Zairyn Abdul Jalil, Norasikin Alimom, and Muhammad Fadhli Abdul Rahman were awarded the grant valued at RM146,760.00 on 19th January 2021.

According to Dr. Massila, “corruption is a social disease that can ruin the society and destroy a country. Therefore, we must not give up in our efforts to prevent and eradicate corruption. We all have a vital role to play.”

The Dean also hopes that with the cooperation provided by GIACC and MASSCOMM, UiTM, issues on corruption can be solved. Furthermore, it is hoped that this project will help inculcate a culture of anti-corruption among Malaysians.

The funding body, GIACC is a center in the Prime Minister’s Department that acts as an advisory channel in terms of governance, integrity, and anti-corruption to all local and international government and private sectors. It was established in 2018 in line with the government’s seriousness in eliminating corruption.

The grant is hoped to be used to develop creative content for GIACC to help raise awareness on the risks of corruption, as well as to promote integrity in line with the government’s initiative to promote good governance and reduce corruption cases in the country.

For years, anti-corruption measures and policies have been introduced by the Malaysian government and various organizations to eradicate corruption in society. Yet, the strategies have not been fully effective to tackle corruption.

The project is expected to appeal to the younger generation and get more youth engaged in the fight against corruption in the country. This supports one of UiTM’s missions in preparing our students with the skills and knowledge needed in shaping the nation towards excellence and integrity.

KNU Researchers Develop the World’s Highest Speed Semiconductor Electronic Device

Researchers at Kyungpook National University have developed a next-generation semiconductor electronic device with the world’s best operating speed that can be used as key materials and parts in next-generation mobile communication technology (B5G & 6G) and quantum computing technology.

Professor Dae Hyun Kim and Dr. Hyun Bin Cho of the Department of Electronics Engineering at Kyungpook National University developed the world’s fastest 738 gigahertz (GHz) high-electron-mobility transistor (HEMT)* electronic device through joint research with QSI, a small and medium-sized enterprise.

The frequency of cut-off (fT) that determines the operating speed is 738GHz, which implements the fastest speed in semiconductor electronic devices with a field-effect transistor (FET) structure. This is expected to enable at least 10 times faster communication than current 5G systems.

“The development of high-performance and multifunctional semiconductor electronic devices is essential for the implementation of next-generation mobile communication systems such as the upcoming 6G,” said Professor Dae Hyun Kim.

It is expected that this research result will speed up the miniaturization, aggregation, and high performance of Terahertz (THz) band electronic systems.

“It can also be used as a key semiconductor device component that identifies fine quantum signals of Quantum computing* systems that are being studied by world’s leading companies such as Google, IBM, and Intel,” explained Professor Dae Hyun Kim.The research results were presented at the International Electron Devices Meeting (IEDM), the world’s most prestigious semiconductor-related conference held on December 18 last year. The work has been supported by the Ministry of Science and ICT’s Global Key Talent Training Support Project (IETP) and the Civil-military Cooperation Promotion Agency.

UNDP, Thammasat University Launch the Human Development Report 2020

School of Global Studies, Thammasat University, the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), and other related organizations launched the 2020 Human Development Report “The Next Frontier: Human Development and the Anthropocene” at Sri Burapa Auditorium, Thammasat University, Tha Prachan Campus.

Assoc.Prof. Gasinee Witoonchart, Rector of Thammasat University, and representatives from the private and public sector, academic institutions, and private organizations attended the event.

Ms. Lovita Ramguttee, Deputy Country Director of UNDP, presented the main points from the 2020 Human Development Report “The Next Frontier: Human Development and the Anthropocene”.

The exchange of opinion and discourse concerning different issues in the report was led by Mr. Renaud Meyer, Resident Representative for UNDP Thailand. Asst.Prof.Dr. Prapaporn Tivayanond, Dean of School of Global Studies, Thammasat University, was present in the discourse.”

The discourse explored various issues, including the biodiversity impact of human action in the Anthropocene, how humans played an important role in climate change, and environmental recovery during the COVID-19 outbreak in the context of Thailand. There was also an exchange of ideas between the public, private, and academic sectors.

The 2020 Human Development Report “The Next Frontier: Human Development and the Anthropocene” created a new way to conceive human development index. It is called planetary pressures-adjusted HDI (PHDI) or human development index concerning environmental impact based on 2 more indicators which are carbon footprint and material footprint.

The PHDI index creates a clearer new perspective of the world by evaluating human progress. For example, this index indicates that more than 50 countries are excluded from high to very high human development regarding fossil energy dependence and material footprint creation in the country.

The new frontier of human development has to work together with nature not destroying it along with the change of social norms, the government’s motivation, and financial measures.