LETI scientists create a model describing internal processes in the artificial muscles of microbots

A team of scientists from Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University “LETI” developed a computer model to study the internal processes in the electrical components of microbots and to predict their reactions to different conditions. The work was supported by a grant from the Russian Science Foundation, and an article about it was published in the Micromachines journal.

To work with nano- and microsized details or in hard-to-reach places, modern-day scientists use microbots. For example, in medicine, they are used for target drug delivery or non-invasive surgeries.

“Most polymers are flexible, lightweight, and easy to manufacture and process. In addition to these properties, an ionic polymer-metallic composite material (IPMC) is also able to actively deform in response to several volts of voltage applied to electrodes. Because of that, it can be used as a material for soft robotized drives, artificial muscles, and dynamic sensors for bionic engineering,” said Ivan Khmelnitskiy, Assistant Professor at the Department of Micro- and Nanoelectronics of LETI.

An ionic polymer-metallic actuator (activation device) is a mechanism that consists of a polymer membrane covered with a conductive layer of metal on both sides and electrodes with 1V to 5V voltage attached to it. Before use, the polymer is saturated with water. The liquid starts moving under the influence of the electric field, increasing the pressure on one electrode and reducing it on the other. This pressure difference causes IPMC to curve.

Composite materials of this kind can be used to manufacture various microbots. Therefore, it is extremely important to understand the processes that happen inside them under the influence of applied voltage to accurately predict the reaction of the membrane. To do so, scientists use complex mathematical models that calculate the internal processes based on the initial observational data. However, most mathematical models require a lot of computational resources and are quite expensive. Therefore, scientists are looking for optimization methods that would simplify the research and development of microdevices.

A team of researchers from LETI created a computer model that requires minimal resources to program an algorithm and create a simulator to monitor all necessary processes. The model consists of adjoint differential equations that describe the transportation of charged particles (ions) and water molecules in an ion-exchange membrane, as well as the electrostatic field inside it and the mechanical deformation of the mechanism. To calculate these values, the scientists added geometric characteristics (length, width, layer thickness, etc) and physical properties (diffusion coefficient, ion concentration in the polymer, layer density, etc) to the model.

“Using the novel computational modeling software, we calculated and studied the spatial distribution of ions and water molecules in an IPMC polymer membrane. The optimized model suggested by our team provides for the monitoring of ion transportation dynamics in the composite material depending on membrane parameters and control voltage,” says Eugeny Ryndin, Professor of the Department of Micro- and Nanoelectronics of LETI

“Our work supports calculations with complex modern-day mathematical models and provides for international-level results, but requires quite simple equipment: a personal computer with free software. We hope that the simulation methodology described by our team would spur further developments in this field,” commented Anton Broyko, Assistant Professor at the Department of Micro- and Nanoelectronics of LETI.

EdUHK research promoting sustainable tourism development in Sichuan Nature Reserve and Hong Kong

The UNESCO-listed Wolong National Nature Reserve, a prime habitat for the endangered panda, was badly damaged by the 2008 Sichuan earthquake. To rebuild the reserve into an ecologically sustainable area, Dr Lewis Cheung Ting-on, Associate Professor at the Department of Social Sciences, The Education University of Hong Kong (EdUHK), and his research team devised two unique accreditation systems for the ecotourism industry, one for tourism businesses and one for ecotour guides, as part of the regulations for the tourism development in the ecologically sensitive reserve.

The guidelines included holistic recommendations for ecotourism planning, activities, infrastructure and marketing. In 2016, the local administration in Wolong implemented the recommendations in full. This was the first regional ecotourism certification programme in a protected area in China and it has had a positive influence on the ecotourism development in other protected areas in the mainland and in Taiwan.

The aims of the project, involving researchers from EdUHK, The University of Hong Kong, and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, were to (a) investigate the ecotourism resources of the reserve, (b) formulate ecotourism development guidelines for the reserve, (c) provide training and organise public forums for residents and government officials, and (d) design two ecotourism accreditation systems, one for tourism businesses and one for eco-tour guides.

The project has had a multi-faceted impact on the reserve, replacing the previously unhealthy approach to development with eco-friendly practices, thus improving ecotourism development in the reserve and other parts of China regarding local policy and professional practices, raising awareness of the value of ecotourism and the importance of maintaining a healthy environment;  boosting the local economy by identifying new sustainable tourism services and products, and providing increased income for small businesses and jobs for local residents;  reducing business costs through reduced energy use and water consumption and less waste, and enhancing ecological conservation in the area and preventing the degradation of the precious panda habitat.

Once the new policy was implemented, the number of tourists visiting the reserve surged from less than 1,000 a year before 2014 to over 350,000 annually by 2017.

Ecotourism development requires the understanding, input and support of the local community, so Dr Cheung’s team organised two public forums in the reserve to get residents’ views on the ecotourism development guidelines and to introduce the development plans and certification systems to businesses and guides.

They also organised a two-day training workshop on the guidelines and the accreditation systems for residents, business owners and government officials. These efforts resulted in greater awareness of the importance of saving water and electrical power, reducing the use of disposable items, and waste segregation.

A public forum on the same topic was organised at EdUHK, which helped raise the public’s understanding in Hong Kong of the reserve’s reconstruction and how the HKSAR Government’s donation was used. Dr Cheung’s work has also changed public perceptions through extensive media coverage, reaching audiences of millions in the mainland and Hong Kong.

TPU enters Priority 2030

Tomsk Polytechnic University has been selected for the Priority 2030 program. Priority 2030 is the largest national program to support the development of universities in post-Soviet Russia. TPU entered the top-100 universities, which will receive a basic grant in the amount of 100 million rubles for their development. TPU was also suggested to continue its participation in the selection for a special grant aimed at research universities.

On September 27, Valery Falkov, Minister of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation, presented the results of the competitive selection at the press conference being held in the Media Center of Russian News Agency TASS. According to the Minister, the Selection Committee considered 187 applications from Russian universities. In total, 106 universities from 49 cities were selected.

“I would like to emphasize that we did not evaluate past merits of universities. The Committee considered a presented development program, a rector and his team, program feasibility, regional support and embeddedness into a regional agenda, how much a university program is relevant to the national development priorities,” Valery Falkov said.

On September 11, Tomsk Polytechnic University took part in the first stage of the development program defense. Dmitry Sednev, Acting Rector of TPU, presented the TPU program in Moscow. On October 1, there will be held the second stage of the development program defense of universities applying for the special grant.

To take part in Priority 2030, TPU is initiating three strategic projects: Energy of Future, Healthcare Engineering and New Engineering Education.

“All initiatives, which became a foundation for the TPU Development Program for the next 10 years, on the one hand, are based on our real groundwork. We have something to say and to show for each thematic area. On the other hand, we set aspiring but real development goals allowing TPU and the region to reach new heights, as well as to solve national tasks,” Dmitry Sednev, Acting Rector of TPU, said.

“We continue our participation in the selection for research universities, as the development of engineering ideas is inconceivable without fundamental research results lying at a core.”

“We continue our participation in the selection for research universities, as the development of engineering ideas is inconceivable without fundamental research results lying at a core.”

Thus, TPU will develop three areas of the Energy of Future project: conventional fossil fuel, promising energy (nuclear power and thermonuclear energy, renewable sources of energy) and the frontier hydrogen economy. It means creating new technologies, think tanks and engineering centres of formation of policy, norms and standards in these areas, as well as training staff.

The Healthcare Engineering project aims at creating a federal reference centre for experimental medical technologies. The central task is to accelerate the transition from ideas and concepts to clinically approved products.

Meanwhile, the implementation of the New Engineering Education project will allow forming a system, environment for the creation and verification of new models of engineering education and technological entrepreneurship in Russia. On September, 29, rectors of leading Russian technical universities are discussing at TPU new approaches to train engineering staff. The discussion will become a part of U-NOVUS’2021, a forum of young scientists.

 

UCYP committed to Educational Operational Excellence

KYP Education Sdn Bhd (KESB) via University College of Yayasan Pahang (UCYP) has launched the Prime Campaign of Education Operational Excellence to enhance the culture of continuous improvement.

This virtual event was attended by 200 KESB staff, UCYP and KYP and launched by KESB Chief Executive Officer Professor Emeritus Dato’ Dr. Ahmad bin Haji Zainuddin, who is also the UCYP Vice-Chancellor.

According to Professor Emeritus Dato’ Dr Ahmad Haji Zainuddin, “Operational Excellence is a management philosophy and has been practised in various organizations around the world by focusing on the provision of quality services through cultural and working practices, problem-solving, teamwork and excellent leadership that will result in continuous improvement and sustainability of an organization.”

“I am very proud of UCYP’s achievement for being the first educational institution in Malaysia to introduce Education Operational Excellence (EOE) to promote continuous improvement in the education sector. This initiative is not only emphasizing on the university management but also excellence in the process of teaching and learning,” he added.

At the same event, Professor Emeritus Dato’ Dr. Ahmad bin Haji Zainuddin also launched EOE Flipbook which is available on the UCYP website. The flipbook is a complete reference guide to the EOE concept, implementation and evaluation.

In addition, Assistant Vice-Chancellor (Branding and Corporate Communication) Puan Suhaila Haji Mukhtar also presented a briefing on EOE Prime Campaign to those who participated in the online one hour campaign.

The ceremony ended with EOE Kahoot! online game session. The session presented ten simple questions on Education Operational Excellence – an initial exposure to create awareness on the idea of EOE. Eighty (80) players joined and ten (10) participants who responded the fastest with accurate answers managed to bring home attractive prizes.

President University team wins first place in International Competition: IESC 2021

Beating 50 teams, a team of students from President University (PresUniv) won the first prize in the Industrial Engineering Scientific Competition (IESC). The team consisted of Putu Aulia Pranagita, Ibrahim Iskandar Chairullah, and Henrikus Banu Alyodya. All of them are students of the Industrial Engineering Study Program, PresUniv, batch 2019.

IESC is an international competition that is open to all Industrial Engineering undergraduate students from Indonesia and abroad. This year, the theme of IESC is Business Resilience: The Continuity of Businesses to Grow Amidst The Uncertainties in a Post Pandemic Industry.

This international competition was held from June 4 to September 9, 2021, with three rounds, namely the preliminary stage, semifinals, and finals.

Thammasat University continues its efforts towards sustainability

Thammasat University (TU) continues to move forward with the policy to continuously drive sustainable development by adopting the SDGs as a guideline for practice and combining with every university policy.

​​Associate Professor Gasinee Witoonchart, Rector of Thammasat University, said, “The United Nations has set 17 goals for achieving the SDGs which cover all social, economic and environmental dimensions that creates the well-being of the world’s population without leaving anyone behind. In which Thammasat University has been impelling the SDGs to be a part of the university goals since 2015.”

“We intend to build TU to be the main driving force of both the Thai and international sustainable development goals. We integrate the SDGs into the administration of all faculties and all educational centres, and the SDGs are also included in the course curriculum in order to develop students’ abilities to be a change-maker, that is able to offer solutions to various challenges on a global and national level,” Assoc. Prof. Gasinee stated.

Thammasat University has earnestly driven this matter and has set up a committee to formulate policies on the SDGs, chaired by Assoc. Prof. Gasinee herself. It has also established a working group as a mechanism to impel forward the sustainable development goals in various fields by providing guidelines for all faculties and also providing budgets and resources to support policymaking.

The committee has set the drive for the SDGs with 4 missions:

1. To foster a sustainable university in all educational centers, providing students and university personnel access to a good environment, green areas, acquiring complete nutrition at a reasonable price, using clean energy to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and creating a communication space that promotes diversity of identity, culture and political perspectives.

2. To support research that provides researchers with freedom of thought and create useful innovations and drive for the sustainable development goals.

3. To encourage all faculties to collatively work with the government and non-university organizations to make the achievement of the SDGs a reality.

4. To provide freedom to students and promote participation in university development in developing a curriculum that integrates the concepts of the SDGs, encouraging students to become change-makers as global citizens.

“We believe that the SDGs are a way to make our university, students and personnel a part of solving the challenges facing by the country, meeting the goals of the university and preparing personnel in forming good global community and having a sustainable future,” Assoc. Prof. Gasinee concluded.

UiTM provides meaningful global learning experiences

UiTM granted online and distance learning (ODL) to provide the students with global learning experiences on 15th and 16th July 2021. 13,625 students have had the opportunity to attend lectures by guest lecturers from Universiteit Leiden, the Netherlands, and Universitas Narotama Indonesia.

Similar to it, there was another global learning session that involved a targeted group of students who are taking the Halal Industry Management program. Global learning sessions took place through social media, Youtube channel which is very familiar and friendly with students, anywhere anytime.

There are two main subjects that offer a global learning experience for all 13,625 students per semester. There are 6003 students who registered for studying Ethics and Civilization and 7623 students who are taking Philosophy and Current Issues subjects. TThese global sessions will be held every semester for the enrolling students to enhance their better learning and understanding.

These kinds of experiences expose students to the new paradigm of global thoughts in understanding philosophy, ethics, civilization, and current issues from the global perspective of prominent experts.

As to make it more beneficial, the sessions were opened to students from our collaborative partners from Indonesia, Brunei, and the Netherlands as well. These two global learning sessions were attended by almost 15,000 students.

During another session, almost 100 students who are taking the course of Halal Standards, Food Law and Sanitation have been virtually brought to visit halal industrial experiences in Japan and Italy. Amazingly, the viewers among students reached almost 1,500 students.

The students had their class with guest experts from industries, which are Ms Anna Maria Tiozzo, the president of World Halal Development from Italy, and Mr Taka Hashimoto, a Japanese halal consultant from Tokyo. This session had given great opportunities to students to learn and have discussions with global industry experts, enhancing their better learning and experiencing the real global halal industry.

The practice of global learning which collaborates with global experts from other prominent universities and industries is in line with the current trends, using innovative delivery of teaching and learning via social media.

They have been organized smoothly by the respective faculty, The Academy of Contemporary Islamic Studies (ACIS), and supported by the responsible entity, the Centre for Innovative Delivery and Learning Development of the University. The majority of the students gave very good feedback and expressed appreciation towards such efforts towards global learning experience, and global networking possibilities as well.

Mining University student on why he chose ‘Automated Information Processing and Control Systems’ programme

Vladimir Payor, a PhD student at Saint Petersburg Mining University, was born in Krasnoyarsk. He was admitted to a local school with a particular focus on physics and mathematics. In his senior years, Vladimir started participating in various tech- and IT-related competitions and championships. The schoolboy even won some awards! Upon graduation, he, however, had to choose how to proceed further.

“There aren’t many professions at the nexus of physics and computer science, hardware and software. Usually, it is a matter of choice – you’re either an engineer or an IT guy. Automated information processing – my speciality – is one of the few actually being at the intersection between these disciplines. Graduates of this programme can work as programmers, electrical engineers, technologists,” says the Mining University student.

In 2015, Vladimir enrolled at Mining University, Automated Information Processing and Control Systems programme.

“Mining is Russia’s key industry. This is why ACS (Automatic Control System) engineers knowing how the minerals sector functions have a significant career advantage over their colleagues lacking such competence. I decided there would be no point in applying to a specialised IT university. After all, programming skills are up to 90% self-study. Teachers – they help us gain fundamental knowledge. Still, an automation engineer is a practitioner who uses the existing frameworks to solve applied tasks,” he explains.

“There is a common opinion it makes no difference to them whether to develop solutions for an ATM, rocket, oil & gas field or metallurgical works. An employee just acts on inputs and outputs and thereby can control any process. However, a person cannot understand how something works in detail if they are not savvy in manufacturing technologies. And if they are, they can be more effective at work,” he adds.

Mining University facilitates a research environment and ensures its laboratories are equipped with modern automation tools. These include a complete assembly line, control cabinets, controllers, other devices, Vladimir notes. An example of a practical assignment for students would be to develop a software application that should enable a camera to detect a faulty item. Such product should be then picked up with a robotic hand and placed either in a container for damaged goods or on a conveyor line.

Whilst Vladimir has not yet completed his education, it is worth mentioning that he has all the chances to become an in-demand professional. The world is in dire need of engineers, with Russia not being an exception.

Domestic experts say that the shortage of engineers and technicians is primarily due to process automation. There are a few specialists in this field, though – educational systems are not keeping up with technological changes. As a result, the demand for engineers for automated information processing and management systems is growing.

This can be seen in the number of job vacancies – three times more for ACS engineers than for economists and 20% more than for lawyers, Russia’s top recruiting agency HeadHunter informs.

Summer Schools at Mining University: Belarusian and Armenian Students share their experiences

Mining University has resumed summer school programmes following the last year’s break caused by the pandemic. Upon completing the studies, some of the participants have already left for home. What is their opinion on the educational programmes, practical training opportunities, and the organisation of the learning process as a whole? Summer schools have been delivered by Saint Petersburg Mining University together with the International Competence Centre for Mining-Engineering Education under the auspices of UNESCO.

The number of foreigners admitted to state-funded higher education programmes within the RF Government quota will double in the coming years, the Ministry of Education and Science notes. Over 13,000 international students enrolled in Russian universities in the last academic year, compared to this year’s figure of 15,000. In comparison, the 2021/22 quota is equal to 18,000.

Foreign youth are also interested in short-term programmes. They are available in many universities across Russia, and their length typically ranges between 1 to 4 weeks. Such courses help improve the competency in the chosen area of study and give a chance to plunge into the country’s history and culture, see the city highlights.

As for St. Petersburg Mining University, in 2018, it received more than 200 applications from four countries, with the number rising to 450 in 2019. That year delegations from 17 countries came to the university. There were no summer schools last year due to the coronavirus pandemic, but there was a great deal of interest in them. Students from Australia, Germany, Norway, Estonia, Iraq, and Iran contacted the first higher technical university in Russia to ask whether they could participate online.

It was decided to reintroduce the international intensive courses this year but in the format of blended learning since many countries are still keeping their borders shut. Over 40 participants from Kazakhstan studied remotely to improve their skills in preparing the mining-engineering documentation and designing the equipment using field-specific software. The majority of the programmes were, however, held on-site. Some 100 undergraduate and postgraduate students – from Armenia, Belarus, and institutions being part of the Nedra University Consortium – arrived in St. Petersburg to take the courses.

Mikayel Martirosyan, a PhD student at the National Polytechnic University of Armenia, is studying renewable energy and researching the conversion of solar radiation energy to other forms suitable for practical use. He is also working alongside his studies as an engineer of a turbine hall in a nuclear power plant. Amongst the programmes offered by Mining University, he chose the one in digital mining.

“Armenia is now focusing on mining and energy as drivers of its economic growth. And Mining University is one of the top educational institutions that offer programmes in these fields. The summer school I participated in provided me with a more profound knowledge of digitalisation. Only students in IT are studying it at my university, but technologies are becoming more sophisticated regardless of the field,” says Mikayel.

The only way to move forward for the mineral, fuel and energy sectors is, as I got convinced here, to introduce modern digital solutions and software applications. This should be on the agenda globally, not just seen as a privilege of certain companies. Therefore we need versatile engineers who understand business processes and how they work. They also need to have skills in programming and digital analytics. We are yet in the very beginning in Armenia, so our specialists end up seeking knowledge and skills elsewhere, outside of the country,” adds  Mikayel.

According to the PhD researcher, he was deeply impressed by the university’s laboratory facilities and the scientific opportunities provided therein.

“At Mining University, I got acquainted with technologies which, for now, we don’t have access to at higher educational institutions of Armenia. At the Centre for Digital Technologies, I had a chance to work with the equipment provided by Schneider Electric, one of the world’s largest companies offering energy and digital automation solutions,” explains Mikayel.

“We also visited a few local companies where we studied how digital technologies affect specific performance indicators. An example would be a visit to the training base of Rosseti, one of the largest operators of energy grids in the world. There we saw with our own eyes the state-of-the-art equipment enabling the ongoing transition to smart grids,” adds Mikayel.

After the course coming to an end, the postgrad chose a few topics he plans to address in his research. In particular, Mikayel expresses interest in the software-based forecasting of the impact of natural phenomena and climate change on his home country’s energy sector.

Participants from Russian universities came to St. Petersburg as part of a partnership agreement between the members of the Nedra Consortium. The association of universities is working on creating a shared academic environment enabling effective transfer of knowledge and scientific progress within it. Each university individually selected the most talented undergraduates and postgraduates from amongst its students.

Adele Shalyapina, a PhD student at the Industrial University of Tyumen, took part in the summer school programme named Oil & Gas Business.

“Living far from the big cities, working and studying there, is like being confined to a place where nothing happens. All major industrywide forums and conferences are organised in Moscow and St. Petersburg. And aside from the facts that one can read in scientific journals, any new information on up-to-date technologies and recent trends is coming in with much delay,” recalls Adele.

“This explains why short-term programmes at leading universities and research centres are of such importance to us. By enrolling in them, we get an opportunity to broaden our experience. This is also a great chance to meet the top-level experts in oil & gas who can share their insights on the current global trends and promising areas. It was by no means less exciting to work with cutting-edge equipment, too. We even did some lab work using VR tools,” she adds.

The summer school participants took advantage of VR technology to run a pumpjack on the simulation model of the Samotlor field. They also used it to switch between the operating modes of wells at the subsea production system of the Kirinsky field.

“I am an assistant in the Department of Well Drilling at my university. And the knowledge I have gained here will be mainly used in preparing lessons for students and writing a PhD thesis. Hopefully, I’ll be able to combine a job at Lukoil with teaching activities in the future. This will allow me to be engaged both in theoretical and practical work. And I’ll be able to pass on to students the up-to-date information I’ll be getting either at my workplace or whilst participating in various professional conferences,” she summarises.

Most of the course participants had never visited St. Petersburg or Mining University before. Nadezhda Tyapova, a fourth-year student of the Belarusian National Technical University (BNTU), is more of an exception.

In early June, she took part in the Topical Issues of Rational Use of Natural Resources, an international conference in which she earned the top spot in one of the nominations. Since the contest was held at the venues of Mining University, she had a chance to get familiar with the university that celebrates its 250th anniversary in 2023.

Nadezhda’s research was dedicated to upgrading flight conveyors that are specifically tailored for use in mining systems. The win secured her a place in a summer school.

“There’s an exceptional atmosphere here, as well as the quality of student life, academic environment, top-level infrastructure, loads of partner companies. All in all, this is absolutely fantastic,” says Nadezhda.

“I participated in the programme called Mining Machinery and Equipment. As part of my studies, I, for example, was able to get hands-on experience with Caterpillar simulators. Moreover, numerous field workshops were organised specially for us. We visited the Zeppelin Russland service centre, the official dealer of CAT products in Russia, and IZ-KARTEX, Russia’s largest manufacturer of electric-powered shovels and drilling rigs. So at first, we learnt how to run machines on a simulator, the next day, we went to see how they work in real-life conditions. And finally, we were shown the process of manufacturing the machines. This was as informative as it could be,” she describes.

“By the way, we have no practical training at BNTU during the first three years of study at all, so the approach taken by Mining University really amazed us. To my knowledge, BelAZ, a Belarusian manufacturer of large and extra-large dump trucks, has signed an agreement with Mining University on the establishment of the innovative Competence Centre. This means a brand new opportunity for students. Whilst studying, they’ll be able to gain experience in operating mining and quarry machinery produced by the sector’s two most leading companies,” notes Nadezhda.

After completing summer school programmes, their participants received their assessments and were awarded certificates attesting they had acquired additional competencies. Along with degree certificates, they will help their owners stand out against their competitors in the labour market.

CUIET ranks among top 100 private Engineering college in India

Chitkara University Institute of Engineering & Technology (CUIET) has been ranked 2nd in Punjab and 50th in India in the ‘Top 100 Private Engineering Colleges’ by Education World India Higher Education Ranking 2021-22.

Education World Magazine involves aspects such as schoolchildren, food and nutrition, teaching methodologies, databases, inspirational stories, and periodic activities and accomplishments of various schools. Business data, business updates, central government programmes, and state government key news are also published in Education World Magazine. Higher secondary school graduates interested in engineering can use the rankings to choose the most attitudinally suited private universities for undergrad education.

Since 2016, EducationWorld has excluded the massively subsidised and consistently top-ranked Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs) and National Institutes of Technology (NITs), instead of evaluating and ranking the country’s Top 100 private engineering colleges to help the 98 percent of students who do not make it into the top 2% of the 1.14 million school-leavers who pass the IIT/NIT exams joint Entrance Exam annually, to choose the most suitable among private institutions, some of which are rapidly closing the IITs/NITs versus the rest gap.

To compile the EW India Private Engineering Institutes Rankings (EWIPEIR) 2020-21, 150 field representatives of the Delhi-based Centre for Forecasting and Research Pvt. Ltd (C fore, estb.2000), the country’s premier market research and opinion polls company (which also conducts the annual EducationWorld India School Rankings (estb.2007) and EW India Preschool Rankings (2010)), interviewed 1,063 faculty, 1,368 final year engineering students and 423 industry representatives countrywide.

These respondents were asked to rank engineering institutes on nine criteria of excellence, including faculty competency, placement, research and innovation, curriculum and pedagogy, industry interaction, value for money, infrastructure, faculty welfare, leadership, and governance. The scores given by respondents for each category were added together to create a ranking of the country’s Top 100 private engineering colleges/institutes. Low-profile institutions with fewer than 25 responders do not receive a ranking.